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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
o desenvolvimento industrial do século XiX levou as potências europeias a olhar para os recursos naturais africanos como matéria-prima fundamental para o seu desenvolvimento económico.Portugal mantinha sob sua soberania diversos territórios
em áfrica, desde os séculos Xv e Xvi, e viu os seus interesses seriamente ameaçados pela inglaterra e pela bélgica. a conferência de berlim de 1884-85 alterou o paradigma da soberania territorial ultramarina.todavia, a ocupação efetiva dos
territórios ultramarinos decorreu num período de grandes dificuldades económico-financeiras e o orgulho nacional ficou ferido após o rei d. carlos i ter, sob ultimato
inglês, mandado retirar as tropas nacionais de uma região disputada entre os dois reinos. em 1910, o desagrado geral nacional levou à implementação da república mantendo-se, todavia, uma grande instabilidade política. logo depois, em 1914, iniciou-se a i Guerra mundial, tendo Portugal entrado no conflito em 1916. No
período conturbado da guerra, a defesa dos interesses nacionais implicou a ação da marinha e a sua transformação genética, organizacional e operacional. Foram
montados dispositivos de defesa portuária, realizado transporte de tropas para França, angola e moçambique, foram realizadas escoltas de proteção a navios mercantes. Foi edificada a capacidade de aviação naval e reforçada com três
navios a capacidade submarina. o crescimento dos recursos humanos foi, essencialmente, realizado com base no recrutamento de marítimos. ao nível da organização, foi garantida a unidade de comando através da subordinação
da direção Geral da marinha e da administração dos serviços Fabris
à majoria General da armada. Este artigo identifica e descreve as ações militares realizadas pela marinha durante a i Guerra mundial, bem como as alterações
organizacionais e genéticas realizadas para responder às necessidades nacionais
no âmbito marítimo e naval.
The industrial progress in the XIX century led the European countries to look at the African natural resources as necessary raw materials for their economic development. Since the XY and XVI century that Portugal had kept several territories under its sovereignty, but England and Belgium were threatening the national overseas interests. The 1884-85 Berlin conference changed the sovereignty paradigm over African territories, requiring its effective occupation and general law enforcement. The implementation of the new rules occurred in a period of serious national economic problems and the kingdom’s pride was deeply hurt when king D. Carlos I, under a British ultimatum, ordered the retreat of troops from an African region, disputed by both countries. In 1910, the national general discontentment led to the implementation of the republic, although maintaining a great political instability. Soon after, in 1914, the First World War begun, and Portugal entered the conflict in 1916. In troubled war time, the defense of national interests involved the action of the Navy and its genetic, operational and organizational transformation. Port protection devices were assembled, army troops were transported to France, Angola and Mozambique, naval escorts were carried out to protect merchant ships. A naval aviation capability was set up and the submarine capacity was enhanced with three new ships. The growth of human resources was essentially held on the basis of recruitment of seafarers. At the organizational level, the unity of command was guaranteed through the subordination of the Direção Geral da Marinha and the Administração dos Serviços Fabris to the Majoria General da Armada. This article identifies and describes the military actions carried out by the Portuguese Navy during World War I, as well as organizational and genetic changes made to answer the national maritime and naval needs.
The industrial progress in the XIX century led the European countries to look at the African natural resources as necessary raw materials for their economic development. Since the XY and XVI century that Portugal had kept several territories under its sovereignty, but England and Belgium were threatening the national overseas interests. The 1884-85 Berlin conference changed the sovereignty paradigm over African territories, requiring its effective occupation and general law enforcement. The implementation of the new rules occurred in a period of serious national economic problems and the kingdom’s pride was deeply hurt when king D. Carlos I, under a British ultimatum, ordered the retreat of troops from an African region, disputed by both countries. In 1910, the national general discontentment led to the implementation of the republic, although maintaining a great political instability. Soon after, in 1914, the First World War begun, and Portugal entered the conflict in 1916. In troubled war time, the defense of national interests involved the action of the Navy and its genetic, operational and organizational transformation. Port protection devices were assembled, army troops were transported to France, Angola and Mozambique, naval escorts were carried out to protect merchant ships. A naval aviation capability was set up and the submarine capacity was enhanced with three new ships. The growth of human resources was essentially held on the basis of recruitment of seafarers. At the organizational level, the unity of command was guaranteed through the subordination of the Direção Geral da Marinha and the Administração dos Serviços Fabris to the Majoria General da Armada. This article identifies and describes the military actions carried out by the Portuguese Navy during World War I, as well as organizational and genetic changes made to answer the national maritime and naval needs.
Description
Keywords
Marinha; I Guerra Mundial; defesa do Porto de lisboa; navios afundados. Portuguese Navy; World War I; Port of Lisbon sea defense; sunken ships.
Citation
Pacheco, B. (2014). A Marinha na I Guerra Mundial. Anais do Clube Militar Naval, vol. CXLIV, julho-dezembro 2014, p. 449-489