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Publication
Uso de anticorpos monoclonais na imunoterapia do cancro
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: A utilização de anticorpos monoclonais (ACm) na imunoterapia do cancro da mama apresenta-se como um avanço significativo na procura de tratamentos mais específicos e eficazes.
Objetivos: O principal objetivo desta monografia é compreender e evidenciar a eficácia e segurança da imunoterapia contra cancro com ACm. Dada a extensão do tema, decidiu-se focar a atenção no cancro da mama, com subtipo HER2-positivo (HER+). A pesquisa explora como os ACm, ao direcionarem as células cancerígenas e pouparem os tecidos saudáveis, representam uma mudança paradigmática nas estratégias terapêuticas.
Material e Métodos: A revisão bibliográfica baseou-se em uma análise exaustiva dos fundamentos teóricos, mecanismos de ação e estudos clínicos relacionados com os ACm na imunoterapia do cancro da mama. Utilizando métodos de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, foram revisadas publicações científicas e ensaios clínicos para obter uma compreensão abrangente do estado atual e perspetivas futuras desta terapia.
Resultados: Os ACm, como trastuzumab e pertuzumab, têm sido eficazes no tratamento do cancro da mama HER2+, proporcionando melhorias significativas nos resultados de sobrevivência. Além disso, a introdução de conjugados anticorpo-fármaco (ADC), como T-DM1 e T-DXd, oferece opções mais direcionadas e eficazes para pacientes com cancro da mama HER2+ que receberam tratamentos anteriores. Os ensaios clínicos em andamento investigam ativamente a eficácia dos ACm e possíveis combinações terapêuticas, fornecendo informações valiosas sobre abordagens inovadoras no tratamento do cancro.
Conclusões: Apesar dos avanços, desafios na imunoterapia do cancro da mama com ACm persistem, incluindo resistência, efeitos adversos e questões econômicas. A pesquisa contínua e a inovação são cruciais para aprimorar terapias e desenvolver novas abordagens. A imunoterapia com ACm oferece promessas, beneficiando-se de avanços tecnológicos e compreensão do microambiente tumoral, porém, é fundamental decifrar resistências e explorar terapias combinadas para maximizar seu potencial.
Introduction: The use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in breast cancer immunotherapy represents a significant advancement in the search for more specific and effective treatments. Objectives: The main objective of this monograph is to understand and demonstrate the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy against cancer with mAbs. Given the extent of the topic, it was decided to focus attention on breast cancer, specifically the HER2-positive (HER+) subtype. The research explores how mAbs, by targeting cancer cells and sparing healthy tissues, represent a paradigm shift in therapeutic strategies. Material and Methods: The literature review was based on a comprehensive analysis of theoretical foundations, mechanisms of action, and clinical studies related to mAbs in breast cancer immunotherapy. Using bibliographic and documentary research methods, scientific publications and clinical trials were reviewed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the current state and future prospects of this therapy. Results: mAbs such as trastuzumab and pertuzumab have been effective in treating HER2+ breast cancer, providing significant improvements in survival outcomes. Additionally, the introduction of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) such as T-DM1 and T-DXd offers more targeted and effective options for patients with HER2+ breast cancer who have received previous treatments. Ongoing clinical trials actively investigate the efficacy of mAbs and potential therapeutic combinations, providing valuable information on innovative approaches to cancer treatment. Conclusions: Despite advancements, challenges in breast cancer immunotherapy with mAbs persist, including resistance, adverse effects, and economic considerations. Continuous research and innovation are crucial to improving therapies and developing new approaches. Immunotherapy with mAbs holds promise, benefiting from technological advances and understanding of the tumor microenvironment, but deciphering resistance and exploring combination therapies are essential to maximize its potential.
Introduction: The use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in breast cancer immunotherapy represents a significant advancement in the search for more specific and effective treatments. Objectives: The main objective of this monograph is to understand and demonstrate the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy against cancer with mAbs. Given the extent of the topic, it was decided to focus attention on breast cancer, specifically the HER2-positive (HER+) subtype. The research explores how mAbs, by targeting cancer cells and sparing healthy tissues, represent a paradigm shift in therapeutic strategies. Material and Methods: The literature review was based on a comprehensive analysis of theoretical foundations, mechanisms of action, and clinical studies related to mAbs in breast cancer immunotherapy. Using bibliographic and documentary research methods, scientific publications and clinical trials were reviewed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the current state and future prospects of this therapy. Results: mAbs such as trastuzumab and pertuzumab have been effective in treating HER2+ breast cancer, providing significant improvements in survival outcomes. Additionally, the introduction of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) such as T-DM1 and T-DXd offers more targeted and effective options for patients with HER2+ breast cancer who have received previous treatments. Ongoing clinical trials actively investigate the efficacy of mAbs and potential therapeutic combinations, providing valuable information on innovative approaches to cancer treatment. Conclusions: Despite advancements, challenges in breast cancer immunotherapy with mAbs persist, including resistance, adverse effects, and economic considerations. Continuous research and innovation are crucial to improving therapies and developing new approaches. Immunotherapy with mAbs holds promise, benefiting from technological advances and understanding of the tumor microenvironment, but deciphering resistance and exploring combination therapies are essential to maximize its potential.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Immunotherapy Monoclonal Antibodies (mAb) Breast Cancer HER2+ Clinical Studies