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Os Modelos de Gestão e a Sustentabilidade Económica nas Entidades do Sector Não Lucrativo em Portugal
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Abstract(s)
Este trabalho tem por objectivo estudar a sustentabilidade económica dos modelos de gestão nas Entidades do Sector Não Lucrativo (ESNL) em Portugal, justificável pela maior exigência de resposta das entidades neste sector no contexto actual da sociedade portuguesa.
A área escolhida foi a acção social dirigida a crianças e jovens, pois trata-se de uma área de forte carência social e também de grande interesse e mobilização da sociedade portuguesa.
A metodologia utilizada foi a de múltiplos estudos de caso, aplicados a cinco ESNL’s que operam na área supracitada. Nas entidades estudadas, foram formulados pressupostos sobre os seus modelos de gestão a partir de várias componentes como a missão, o capital humano, os recursos, a resposta social, a organização interna e as fontes de financiamento.
Detectou-se que as entidades estudadas possuem missões exclusivamente na vertente social, são bem definidas e conhecidas pelos colaboradores e voluntários, funcionando como elementos de mobilização; têm uma forte capacidade de liderança; utilizam ao máximo os vários recursos disponíveis na resposta social; possuem um profundo conhecimento nas suas áreas de actuação; têm uma elevada capacidade de adaptação e de resposta; não registam praticamente desperdícios de recursos; possuem organizações internas estruturadas de forma a dar resposta à especificidade da sua actividade; e, não dispõem de uma lógica de modelo de negócio onde existam componentes comerciais, semelhante ao que acontece nas empresas com fins lucrativos.
Os resultados demonstram que as entidades são sustentáveis e têm uma actividade muito dimensionada aos fundos obtidos, isto é, não abraçam projectos para os quais não possuem recursos, não apresentando, por isso, alavancagem financeira. Contudo esta sustentabilidade presente é fortemente condicionada pelo financiamento público, estando estas entidades muito vulneráveis a oscilações dos financiamentos do estado.
Decorre do estudo que a dependência financeira do estado é uma restrição e portanto dever-se-ão desenvolver formas alternativas de angariação de fundos para garantir a sustentabilidade financeira das organizações. São apresentadas sugestões de melhoria da gestão destas entidades, bem como prolongamentos deste estudo.
This work aims to study management models and the economic sustainability in Nonprofit Organizations (NPO) in Portugal, what is justified by the greater demand over this sector at the present time in the Portuguese society. The area chosen was one aimed at children and young people, because it is an area of high social needs and also of great interest in the Portuguese society. The methodology used was the multiple case studies, applied to five NPO’s operating in the area abovementioned. Assumptions were formulated about the management models of the organizations at the level of their mission, human capital, resources, social response, internal organization and funding sources. It turned out that the entities studied had missions exclusively focused on social aspects , but well defined and well known by employees and volunteers , acting as elements of mobilization; have strong leadership; make maximum use of the various resources available to perform a social response ; possess a deep knowledge in their areas of operation ; have a high capacity to adapt and respond ; there is no waste of resources ; organizations are well structured to respond to the specificity of their activities , and lack a commercial-like business model component, similar to those of for-profit companies. The results show that the organizations have sustainable management models and utilize financial resources that are already negotiated, i.e. the NPO do not embrace projects for which no funds are available, so they do not have financial leverage. However the sustainability is strongly dependent on public funding, which turns those organizations very vulnerable to fluctuations in state funding. Follows from the study that the financial dependence of the state is a constraint and hence the organizations should develop alternative ways of fundraising in order to ensure their financial sustainability. Suggestions are made to improve the management of these organizations, and future lines of investigation are presented.
This work aims to study management models and the economic sustainability in Nonprofit Organizations (NPO) in Portugal, what is justified by the greater demand over this sector at the present time in the Portuguese society. The area chosen was one aimed at children and young people, because it is an area of high social needs and also of great interest in the Portuguese society. The methodology used was the multiple case studies, applied to five NPO’s operating in the area abovementioned. Assumptions were formulated about the management models of the organizations at the level of their mission, human capital, resources, social response, internal organization and funding sources. It turned out that the entities studied had missions exclusively focused on social aspects , but well defined and well known by employees and volunteers , acting as elements of mobilization; have strong leadership; make maximum use of the various resources available to perform a social response ; possess a deep knowledge in their areas of operation ; have a high capacity to adapt and respond ; there is no waste of resources ; organizations are well structured to respond to the specificity of their activities , and lack a commercial-like business model component, similar to those of for-profit companies. The results show that the organizations have sustainable management models and utilize financial resources that are already negotiated, i.e. the NPO do not embrace projects for which no funds are available, so they do not have financial leverage. However the sustainability is strongly dependent on public funding, which turns those organizations very vulnerable to fluctuations in state funding. Follows from the study that the financial dependence of the state is a constraint and hence the organizations should develop alternative ways of fundraising in order to ensure their financial sustainability. Suggestions are made to improve the management of these organizations, and future lines of investigation are presented.