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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A realização desta dissertação de mestrado recai na área temática da História da
Marinha Portuguesa, mais concretamente no aparecimento dos submarinos no Mundo e
posteriormente em Portugal, dando principal destaque ao primeiro projeto de um
submarino português da autoria do Primeiro-tenente, João Augusto de Fontes Pereira de
Melo, o submarino Fontes. A linha condutora do tema consiste em explicar todos os
desenvolvimentos que este projeto conheceu desde a sua criação até à desistência do seu
autor da ideia.
A problemática do aparecimento dos submarinos foi algo que no fim do século
XIX e início do século XX, mereceu grande estudo por parte de todas as Marinhas do
Mundo, pois esta nova arma era algo que poderia revolucionar as políticas e os
pensamentos dominantes sobre o poder naval. Portugal não fugiu à regra.
Deste modo, é inicialmente apresentado um capítulo sobre a origem e evolução
dos submarinos ao longo da história até à época referida anteriormente, por forma a
enquadrar primeiramente como surgiu este novo meio e posteriormente explicar quais
as principais características dos submarinos daquele tempo.
Em seguida, é resumidamente analisado o estado em que a Marinha Portuguesa
se encontrava desde meados do século XIX até à queda da monarquia, no ano de 1910.
È especificamente analisada a industrialização e modernização do país, os programas
navais entre muitos outros fatores por forma a esclarecer se os submarinos eram uma
opção válida.
Os últimos dois capítulos abordam o tema central. Primeiramente é feita uma
biografia do autor do submarino Fontes, João Augusto Fontes Pereira de Melo,
seguidamente são abordados quais os objetivos desta arma submarina, como foi
evoluindo o projeto desde 1889 a 1907, e para finalizar as comparações do projeto com
os principais submarinos das outras Marinhas. Com as análises iniciais e com a
informação detalhada dos últimos dois capítulos será possível perceber muita da história
do projeto submarino Fontes e todo o enredo em torno deste tema.
The main subject of this master's thesis lies with the History of the PortugueseNavy, more specifically the introduction and development of submarine vessels, focusing particularly on the project led by First lieutenant Joao Augusto de Fontes Pereira de Melo, dedicated to the design and creation of the first Portuguese submarineentitled Fontes. This project is the conductive line of this thesis, explaining itself in thetext the different phases of it's development; from inception until the idea was finallydropped by its author. The concept of submarines first rose to importance around the end of the XIXand beginning of XX centuries respectively. It became an important subject of study bymost navies around the globe, including the Portuguese. This new weapon of war had the potential to become a paradigm shift in naval warfare. This thesis will have it's first chapter dedicated to both the genesis and evolutionof the submarine throughout history. It will try to explain how it first came to be as welas to elaborate on the major features of the early vessels. Subsequently, it will address the status quo of the Portuguese navy throughout the XIX century until the monarchy's collapse in 1910. This particular chapter willfocus on how industrialized and advanced Portugal was at the time, it's main guidelines concerning the navy, as well as the most relevant thoughts, concerns and ideas the Portuguese leaders had regarding the submarine and its feasibility. The last two chapters have as main area of concern both the biography of First lieutenant Joao Augusto de Fontes Pereira de Melo as well his project, Fontes: itsinception and evolution, from 1889 to 1902 and how it stood against other submarineconcepts from other navies all over the world. With the initial analysis and detailed information of the last two chapters will be possible understand much easier the history of this project and whole the context about this theme.
The main subject of this master's thesis lies with the History of the PortugueseNavy, more specifically the introduction and development of submarine vessels, focusing particularly on the project led by First lieutenant Joao Augusto de Fontes Pereira de Melo, dedicated to the design and creation of the first Portuguese submarineentitled Fontes. This project is the conductive line of this thesis, explaining itself in thetext the different phases of it's development; from inception until the idea was finallydropped by its author. The concept of submarines first rose to importance around the end of the XIXand beginning of XX centuries respectively. It became an important subject of study bymost navies around the globe, including the Portuguese. This new weapon of war had the potential to become a paradigm shift in naval warfare. This thesis will have it's first chapter dedicated to both the genesis and evolutionof the submarine throughout history. It will try to explain how it first came to be as welas to elaborate on the major features of the early vessels. Subsequently, it will address the status quo of the Portuguese navy throughout the XIX century until the monarchy's collapse in 1910. This particular chapter willfocus on how industrialized and advanced Portugal was at the time, it's main guidelines concerning the navy, as well as the most relevant thoughts, concerns and ideas the Portuguese leaders had regarding the submarine and its feasibility. The last two chapters have as main area of concern both the biography of First lieutenant Joao Augusto de Fontes Pereira de Melo as well his project, Fontes: itsinception and evolution, from 1889 to 1902 and how it stood against other submarineconcepts from other navies all over the world. With the initial analysis and detailed information of the last two chapters will be possible understand much easier the history of this project and whole the context about this theme.
Description
Keywords
Submarinos; Marinha de Guerra; política naval; projeto; Fontes Pereira de Melo. submarine; War Navy; naval policies; project; Fontes Pereira de Melo