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Imunologia da Leishmaniose canina
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Abstract(s)
A Leishmaniose Canina é uma doença parasitária com grande importância devido à sua
distribuição mundial e carácter zoonótico. Esta doença é causada por um parasita do género
Leishmania e transmitida por flebótomos infetados. A forma como esta doença se manifesta no
animal depende de vários fatores, no entanto está intimamente relaciona com os mecanismos
de defesa do seu sistema imunológico. O sistema imunológico divide-se em mecanismos inatos
e adquiridos, em que participam diferentes tipos de células. Na imunidade inata, apesar de todas
as células envolvidas exercerem funções importantes, os macrófagos desempenham um papel
fulcral, tendo em conta que é nestas células que ocorre a transformação de formas promastigotas
da Leishmania spp. em amastigotas. Já a imunidade adquirida divide-se em imunidade mediada
por células e imunidade humoral, mas são as células CD4+ que determinam a resistência ou
suscetibilidade do animal à infeção. Esta doença tem uma prevalência elevada na população
canina em várias zonas de todo o mundo, sendo fundamental a implementação de medidas de
prevenção. A forma como o sistema imunológico tenta combater o agente invasor é importante
para evitar a progressão da doença, a deposição de imunocomplexos e as manifestações
clínicas em diferentes órgãos. Apesar dos mecanismos do sistema imunológico ainda não serem
totalmente conhecidos, esta dissertação bibliográfica pretende reunir informações referentes a
este tema.
Canine Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease of great importance due to its worldwide distribution and zoonotic character. This disease is caused by a parasite of the genus Leishmania and transmitted by infected sandflies. The way this disease manifests itself in the animal depends on several factors, but it is closely related to the defense mechanisms of its immune system. The immune system is divided into innate and acquired mechanisms, in which different types of cells participate. In innate immunity, although all the cells involved have important functions, macrophages play a key role, considering that it is in these cells that the transformation of promastigotes of Leishmania spp. into amastigotes occurs. Acquired immunity is divided into cellmediated immunity and humoral immunity, but it is the CD4+ cells that determine the animal's resistance or susceptibility to infection. This disease has a high prevalence in the canine population in several areas around the world, and the implementation of preventive measures is essential. The way the immune system tries to fight the invading agent is important to avoid the progression of the disease, the deposition of immunocomplexes and the clinical manifestations in different organs. Although the mechanisms of the immune system are not yet fully known, this bibliographic dissertation intends to gather information regarding this subject
Canine Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease of great importance due to its worldwide distribution and zoonotic character. This disease is caused by a parasite of the genus Leishmania and transmitted by infected sandflies. The way this disease manifests itself in the animal depends on several factors, but it is closely related to the defense mechanisms of its immune system. The immune system is divided into innate and acquired mechanisms, in which different types of cells participate. In innate immunity, although all the cells involved have important functions, macrophages play a key role, considering that it is in these cells that the transformation of promastigotes of Leishmania spp. into amastigotes occurs. Acquired immunity is divided into cellmediated immunity and humoral immunity, but it is the CD4+ cells that determine the animal's resistance or susceptibility to infection. This disease has a high prevalence in the canine population in several areas around the world, and the implementation of preventive measures is essential. The way the immune system tries to fight the invading agent is important to avoid the progression of the disease, the deposition of immunocomplexes and the clinical manifestations in different organs. Although the mechanisms of the immune system are not yet fully known, this bibliographic dissertation intends to gather information regarding this subject
Description
Keywords
Imunocomplexos Vacinação Imunidade Infeção Canídeos Leishmania infantum Zoonose Leishmaniose Immune complexes Vaccination Immunity Infection Canids Leishmania infantum Zoonosis Leishmaniasis