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A autoperceção da saúde oral e o impacto na qualidade de vida e no estado nutricional numa população geriátrica da clínica universitária Egas Moniz
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Introdução: O fenómeno do envelhecimento populacional tem-se intensificado nas últimas décadas, tornando-se essencial a realização de estudos epidemiológicos que avaliem simultaneamente a saúde e o bem-estar desta população. Alterações na saúde da cavidade oral podem interferir no processo de mastigação e deglutição, refletindo-se de forma significativa na qualidade de vida e no estado nutricional.
Objetivos: Avaliar a associação entre a qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde oral (QdVRSO) e o estado nutricional da população geriátrica da Clínica Dentária Egas Moniz (CDEM).
Materiais e métodos: A amostra de conveniência foi de 136 idosos com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos, que compareceram na CDEM. Aplicou-se um questionário, recolhendo dados sociodemográficos, a condição de saúde oral e geral, bem como a qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde oral, avaliada por meio do índice Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) e o estado nutricional através do Mini Nutritional Assessement- Short Form (MNA-SF). Recorreu-se a metodologias de análise estatística descritiva e inferencial dos dados, sendo estabelecido um nível de significância de 5% (p ≤ 0,05). A análise dos dados foi realizada através dos testes Qui-quadrado e de correlação de Spearman, por meio do software estatístico IBM SPSS Statistics, versão 30.0.
Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi 74,6 anos, 50,7% da amostra pertencia ao sexo feminino e 49,3% ao sexo masculino. A hipertensão arterial constituiu a patologia sistémica mais prevalente (70,6%) em concordância com a medicação mais utilizada, os anti-hipertensores (41,9%). A média do GOHAI foi 30,9 (±3,2), indicando uma perceção moderada de saúde oral, com 32,4% dos participantes a apresentar uma perceção baixa, 46,3% uma perceção moderada e 21,3% uma perceção elevada.
O valor médio do MNA-SF foi de 12,1±2,3; 7,4% dos participantes encontravam-se desnutridos, 22,1% em risco de desnutrição e 70,6% num intervalo saudável. Verificou-se uma correlação positiva forte entre as pontuações do GOHAI e do MNA-SF (teste de correlação de Spearman, ρ = 0,622; p < 0,001), indicando que uma melhor autoperceção de saúde oral está relacionada com um melhor estado nutricional.
Conclusão: Verificou-se que a qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde oral está significativamente associada ao estado nutricional dos participantes.
Introduction: Demographic ageing has been increasing significantly, making it essential to conduct epidemiological studies that simultaneously assess the health and well-being of this population. Oral health problems can compromise mastication and food intake, with a direct impact on the quality of life and nutritional status. Objective: To evaluate the association between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and nutritional status in the geriatric population attending the Egas Moniz Dental Clinic (CDEM). Materials and Methods: A convenience sample of 136 older adults aged 65 years or over, who attended the Egas Moniz Dental Clinic, was included. A questionnaire was administered to collect sociodemographic data, oral and general health conditions, oral health-related quality of life through the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), and nutritional status using the Mini Nutritional Assessment- Short Form (MNA-SF). Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed, with a significance level of 5% (p ≤ 0.05). The data was analyzed using the Chi-square test and Spearman's correlation in IBM SPSS Statistics, version 30.0. Results: The mean age of participants was 74.6 years; 50.7% were female and 49.3% male. Hypertension was the most prevalent systemic condition (70.6%), consistent with the most frequently used medication, antihypertensive drugs (41.9%). The mean GOHAI score was 30.9 (±3.2), indicating a moderate perception of oral health, with 32.4% of participants presenting a low perception, 46.3% a moderate perception, and 21.3% a high perception. The mean MNA-SF score was 12.1 (±2.3); 7.4% of participants were malnourished, 22.1% were at risk of malnutrition, and 70.6% were within a healthy nutritional range. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed a moderately strong positive association between GOHAI and MNA-SF scores (ρ = 0.622; p < 0.001), indicating that better self-perceived oral health is related to better nutritional status. Conclusion: Oral health-related quality of life was significantly associated with the nutritional status of the participants.
Introduction: Demographic ageing has been increasing significantly, making it essential to conduct epidemiological studies that simultaneously assess the health and well-being of this population. Oral health problems can compromise mastication and food intake, with a direct impact on the quality of life and nutritional status. Objective: To evaluate the association between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and nutritional status in the geriatric population attending the Egas Moniz Dental Clinic (CDEM). Materials and Methods: A convenience sample of 136 older adults aged 65 years or over, who attended the Egas Moniz Dental Clinic, was included. A questionnaire was administered to collect sociodemographic data, oral and general health conditions, oral health-related quality of life through the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), and nutritional status using the Mini Nutritional Assessment- Short Form (MNA-SF). Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed, with a significance level of 5% (p ≤ 0.05). The data was analyzed using the Chi-square test and Spearman's correlation in IBM SPSS Statistics, version 30.0. Results: The mean age of participants was 74.6 years; 50.7% were female and 49.3% male. Hypertension was the most prevalent systemic condition (70.6%), consistent with the most frequently used medication, antihypertensive drugs (41.9%). The mean GOHAI score was 30.9 (±3.2), indicating a moderate perception of oral health, with 32.4% of participants presenting a low perception, 46.3% a moderate perception, and 21.3% a high perception. The mean MNA-SF score was 12.1 (±2.3); 7.4% of participants were malnourished, 22.1% were at risk of malnutrition, and 70.6% were within a healthy nutritional range. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed a moderately strong positive association between GOHAI and MNA-SF scores (ρ = 0.622; p < 0.001), indicating that better self-perceived oral health is related to better nutritional status. Conclusion: Oral health-related quality of life was significantly associated with the nutritional status of the participants.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
GOHAI Idosos Qualidade de vida Estado nutricional