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Medidas De Controlo De Nemátodes Gastrointestinais De Ruminantes Em Creuse, Hautes-Alpes, Alpes-De-Haute-Provence E Seine-Maritime, França
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A resistência d o s parasitas gastrointestinais , nomeadamente dos nemátod e s , aos antihelmínticos
consti t u i hoje u ma preocupação importante na produção pecuária de ruminantes em pastoreio que
pode prejudicar a sua perenidade Por i sso, é importante que as práticas de utilização destes fármacos
que podem favorecer o aparecimento de resistências sejam identificas e corrigidas. Neste sentido, u m
inquérito foi submetido aos produtores de ruminantes e m quatro zonas geográficas diferente s de
França, nomeadamente nos departamentos Creuse, Hautes Alpes, Alpes de Haute Provence e Seine
Maritime , com o intuito de avaliar as suas práticas de desparasitação . Foram obtid as 6 3 respostas no
fim do período de realização do ensaio , em que 42 são produtores de bovinos, 18 de ovinos e três de
caprinos . D o to tal de inquirido s 46 % admitem não ter consciência do problema de aparecimento de
resistência dos parasitas gastrointestinais aos antihelmínticos , revelando assim que esta problemática
de interesse ma i or na pecuária não é bastante considera da com o uma ameaça real , e demonstrando
um a falta de conhecimento sobre este assunto . Revelou se que metad e dos produtores que usam
antihelmínticos não mudam de fármaco entre duas administrações consecutivas de desparasitantes
contribuindo para a seleção de um a população de parasitas resistente s ao produto utilizado 82,1 %
declara ra m usar a ivermectina para tratar o seus animais sendo que, em certos casos, fazem uma
utilização exclusiva desta molécula Em relação ao c á lculo da quantidade de fármaco a ser
administrado, 5 5 3 dos produtores estimam o peso do animal com observação visual e 16 % utilizam
uma quantidade correspondente à m é dia do peso dos an imais no rebanho , po dendo conduz ir a s u b
dosage ns d e antihelmínticos e consequentemente à diminuição da eficácia do tratamento A ma ioria
dos produtores inquiridos ( desparasitam sistematicamente pelo menos uma vez por ano todos
os animais adultos incluindo animais que pot encialmente não o precisam d iminuindo assim a
população parasitária em refug ia . Apenas 48,2 % dos produtores recorrem a o diagnóstico laboratorial
por método s coprológico s a través de contagem de ovos por gramas de fezes e 1,8 dos produtores de
bovinos ao teste de dosagem do pepsinog é nio sérico , permitindo saber se o tratamento com
antihelmínticos é indispensáve l ou não . Ao nível do maneio das pastagens, 80,3 dos rebanhos do
estudo são divididos em diferentes grupos de idade e 8 5,2 % realizam rotação de past o que são medidas
ajudando n a diminuição da carga parasit ária dos pastos . Este estudo permitiu realçar que o problema
do aparecimento de resistência s dos parasitas aos antihelmínticos ainda não est á bem ancorada na
consciência dos produtores interrogados e não representa hoje uma das suas preocupações principai s.
Alguns produtores, apesar de ter em noções sobre as boas pr á ticas de desparasitaç ão, enfrentam
dificuldades para aplic á las dire tamente no campo e deve ser um fator que não deve ser ignorado.
Esforços já foram realizados, mas não devem ser relaxados , que r que seja m da parte dos produtores bem como dos médicos veterinários par a que est a problemática não cheg ue a ser um elemento de
limit ação para a p ecuária de ruminantes no futuro.
The resistance of gastrointestinal parasites, particularly nematodes, to anthelmintics is now a major concern in grazing ruminant livestock production, which can even threaten their longevity. It is therefore important to identify those practices in the use of such drugs which may favour the emergence of resistance and to correct them. To this end, a survey was carried out among ruminant livestock farmers in four different geographical areas of France, namely the Creuse, Hautes-Alpes, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and Seine-Maritime departments, in order to assess their deworming practices. 63 responses were collected at the end of the survey period, 42 from cattle producers, 18 from sheep producers and three from goat producers. Of the total number of respondents, 46% admitted that they were unaware of the problem of gastrointestinal parasites becoming resistant to anthelmintics, thus revealing that this issue of major interest in livestock farming is not widely regarded as a real threat, and demonstrating a lack of knowledge on the subject. The survey revealed that half of the producers who use anthelmintics do not change the drug between two consecutive administrations of dewormers, thus contributing to the selection of a population of parasites resistant to the product used. 82.1% stated that they use ivermectin to treat their animals, and in some cases they use this molecule exclusively. When it comes to calculating the quantity of the drug to be administered, 55.3% of the producers estimate the weight of the animal by visual observation and 16% use a quantity corresponding to the average weight of the animals in the herd, which can lead to under-dosing of anthelmintics, and consequently to a reduction in the effectiveness of the treatment. The majority of producers surveyed (60.7%) systematically deworm all adult animals at least once a year, including animals that potentially do not need it, thus reducing the parasite population in refuge. Only 48.2% of producers use laboratory diagnostics using coprological methods, such as counting eggs per gram of faeces, and 1.8% of cattle producers use the serum pepsinogen test, which allows them to know whether treatment with anthelmintics is essential or not. In terms of pasture management, 80.3% of the herds in the study are divided into different age groups and 85.2% rotate their pastures, which are measures that help to reduce the parasite load in pastures. This study highlighted the fact that the problem of the emergence of parasite resistance to anthelmintics is not yet deeply embedded in the consciousness of the producers surveyed and is not currently one of their main concerns. Although some producers are aware of good deworming practices, they find it difficult to apply them directly in the field and this is a factor that should not be ignored. Efforts have already been made, but they must not be relaxed, both on the part of producers and veterinarians, so that this problem does not become a limiting factor for ruminant livestock farming in the future.
The resistance of gastrointestinal parasites, particularly nematodes, to anthelmintics is now a major concern in grazing ruminant livestock production, which can even threaten their longevity. It is therefore important to identify those practices in the use of such drugs which may favour the emergence of resistance and to correct them. To this end, a survey was carried out among ruminant livestock farmers in four different geographical areas of France, namely the Creuse, Hautes-Alpes, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and Seine-Maritime departments, in order to assess their deworming practices. 63 responses were collected at the end of the survey period, 42 from cattle producers, 18 from sheep producers and three from goat producers. Of the total number of respondents, 46% admitted that they were unaware of the problem of gastrointestinal parasites becoming resistant to anthelmintics, thus revealing that this issue of major interest in livestock farming is not widely regarded as a real threat, and demonstrating a lack of knowledge on the subject. The survey revealed that half of the producers who use anthelmintics do not change the drug between two consecutive administrations of dewormers, thus contributing to the selection of a population of parasites resistant to the product used. 82.1% stated that they use ivermectin to treat their animals, and in some cases they use this molecule exclusively. When it comes to calculating the quantity of the drug to be administered, 55.3% of the producers estimate the weight of the animal by visual observation and 16% use a quantity corresponding to the average weight of the animals in the herd, which can lead to under-dosing of anthelmintics, and consequently to a reduction in the effectiveness of the treatment. The majority of producers surveyed (60.7%) systematically deworm all adult animals at least once a year, including animals that potentially do not need it, thus reducing the parasite population in refuge. Only 48.2% of producers use laboratory diagnostics using coprological methods, such as counting eggs per gram of faeces, and 1.8% of cattle producers use the serum pepsinogen test, which allows them to know whether treatment with anthelmintics is essential or not. In terms of pasture management, 80.3% of the herds in the study are divided into different age groups and 85.2% rotate their pastures, which are measures that help to reduce the parasite load in pastures. This study highlighted the fact that the problem of the emergence of parasite resistance to anthelmintics is not yet deeply embedded in the consciousness of the producers surveyed and is not currently one of their main concerns. Although some producers are aware of good deworming practices, they find it difficult to apply them directly in the field and this is a factor that should not be ignored. Efforts have already been made, but they must not be relaxed, both on the part of producers and veterinarians, so that this problem does not become a limiting factor for ruminant livestock farming in the future.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Boas Práticas De Controlo Parasitário Desenvolvimento De Resistência Aos Antihelmínticos Inquérito Ruminantes Development Of Anthelmintic Resistance Good Parasite Control Practices Ruminants Survey