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Os laços da violência : a influência da vinculação e das experiências nas relações próximas na perpetração de violência
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Resumo(s)
A violência nas relações de intimidade (VRI) constitui um fenómeno complexo e multifatorial, com consequências severas ao nível psicológico, relacional e social. Estudos indicam que fatores como a vinculação insegura e experiências relacionais negativas podem estar na origem de comportamentos agressivos em contexto íntimo. A compreensão dos padrões vinculatórios e das vivências interpessoais revela-se fundamental para identificar perfis de risco associados à perpetração de violência, permitindo a construção de estratégias de intervenção ajustadas. Esta investigação teve como objetivo explorar de que forma os estilos de vinculação e as experiências em relações próximas influenciam a perpetração de comportamentos violentos em relações íntimas por parte de adultos. Especificamente, pretende-se: (i) comparar os estilos de vinculação entre indivíduos que já perpetraram e não perpetraram violências nas relações de intimidade; (ii) analisar a relação entre os estilos de vinculação e as experiências em relações próximas; e (iii) avaliar a influência conjunta destes fatores na ocorrência de comportamentos agressivos. A amostra foi composta por 341 adultos (255 pessoas não perpetradoras; 86 pessoas perpetradoras), com idades entre os 18 e os 62 anos, recrutados através de amostragem não probabilista em ambiente online. A identificação das pessoas perpetradoras de violência foi realizada com base no autorrelato de comportamentos violentos previamente definidos. Recorreu-se a uma metodologia quantitativa, com aplicação da Escala de Vinculação do Adulto (EVA) e da Escala de Experiências em Relações Próximas (ERP). Os participantes perpetradores revelaram níveis significativamente mais elevados de ansiedade na vinculação e da preocupação nas ERP, sugerindo uma maior insegurança relacional e hipersensibilidade à rejeição. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas dimensões de evitação ou nos estilos de vinculação como categorias. Verificaram-se correlações fortes entre ansiedade e preocupação, especialmente no grupo das pessoas perpetradoras, indicando maior reatividade emocional e instabilidade nos vínculos afetivos. Os resultados sugerem que a vinculação ansiosa e experiências relacionais marcadas por preocupação constituem fatores de risco para a perpetração de violência nas relações de intimidade. Estes dados reforçam a importância de incluir a avaliação da vinculação e das ERP nos contextos clínicos e forenses, com vista à deteção precoce de perfis de risco e à definição de estratégias preventivas e interventivas mais eficazes.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon, with severe psychological, relational and social consequences. Studies indicate that factors such as insecure attachment and negative relational experiences may be at the root of aggressive behavior in an intimate context. Understanding attachment patterns and interpersonal experiences is fundamental to identifying risk profiles associated with the perpetration of violence, allowing for the construction of appropriate intervention strategies. This study aimed to explore how attachment styles and experiences in close relationships influence the perpetration of violent behavior in intimate relationships by adults. Specifically, we aim to: (i) compare attachment styles between individuals who have and have not perpetrated violence in intimate relationships; (ii) analyze the relationship between attachment styles and experiences in close relationships; and (iii) evaluate the joint influence of these factors on the occurrence of aggressive behaviors. The sample consisted of 341 adults (255 non-perpetrators; 86 perpetrators), aged between 18 and 62, recruited through non-probabilistic sampling in an online environment. Perpetrators of violence were identified on the basis of self-report of previously defined violent behavior. A quantitative methodology was used, applying the Adult Attachment Scale (AAS) and the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale (ERP), both validated for the Portuguese population. The data was analyzed using t-tests for independent samples and Pearson correlations, with the aim of identifying statistically significant differences between the groups. Perpetrators revealed significantly higher levels of attachment anxiety and ERP worry, suggesting greater relational insecurity and hypersensitivity to rejection. No significant differences were found in the dimensions of avoidance or attachment styles as categories. There were strong correlations between anxiety and worry, especially in the perpetrator group, indicating greater emotional reactivity and instability in affective bonds. These results suggest that anxious attachment and relational experiences marked by worry are risk factors for perpetrating intimate partner violence. These data reinforce the importance of including the assessment of attachment and ERP in clinical and forensic contexts, with a view to the early detection of risk profiles and the definition of more effective preventive and interventional strategies.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon, with severe psychological, relational and social consequences. Studies indicate that factors such as insecure attachment and negative relational experiences may be at the root of aggressive behavior in an intimate context. Understanding attachment patterns and interpersonal experiences is fundamental to identifying risk profiles associated with the perpetration of violence, allowing for the construction of appropriate intervention strategies. This study aimed to explore how attachment styles and experiences in close relationships influence the perpetration of violent behavior in intimate relationships by adults. Specifically, we aim to: (i) compare attachment styles between individuals who have and have not perpetrated violence in intimate relationships; (ii) analyze the relationship between attachment styles and experiences in close relationships; and (iii) evaluate the joint influence of these factors on the occurrence of aggressive behaviors. The sample consisted of 341 adults (255 non-perpetrators; 86 perpetrators), aged between 18 and 62, recruited through non-probabilistic sampling in an online environment. Perpetrators of violence were identified on the basis of self-report of previously defined violent behavior. A quantitative methodology was used, applying the Adult Attachment Scale (AAS) and the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale (ERP), both validated for the Portuguese population. The data was analyzed using t-tests for independent samples and Pearson correlations, with the aim of identifying statistically significant differences between the groups. Perpetrators revealed significantly higher levels of attachment anxiety and ERP worry, suggesting greater relational insecurity and hypersensitivity to rejection. No significant differences were found in the dimensions of avoidance or attachment styles as categories. There were strong correlations between anxiety and worry, especially in the perpetrator group, indicating greater emotional reactivity and instability in affective bonds. These results suggest that anxious attachment and relational experiences marked by worry are risk factors for perpetrating intimate partner violence. These data reinforce the importance of including the assessment of attachment and ERP in clinical and forensic contexts, with a view to the early detection of risk profiles and the definition of more effective preventive and interventional strategies.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Vinculação Violência nas relações de intimidade Experiências em relações próximas Pessoas perpetradoras