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Fatores associados ao burnout em auxiliares de ação médica e enfermeiros: estudo em França
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Abstract(s)
Os auxiliares de ação médica e os enfermeiros são os profissionais de saúde que
passam mais tempo em contacto com os doentes. Por isso, poderão estar mais suscetíveis a
desenvolver burnout do que outros profissionais. Este estudo pretendeu determinar os fatores
associados ao burnout entre auxiliares de ação médica e enfermeiros que trabalham em
França. A amostra envolveu 143 profissionais, dos quais 89 auxiliares de ação médica e 54
enfermeiros. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Maslach Burnout Iventory - Human Services
Survey (MBI), o Brief Symptom Checklist (BSI), o Brief COPE e um questionário
sociodemográfico, administrados online pela plataforma Microsoft Forms®.
Os resultados indicaram que a maioria das subescalas do BSI e do Brief COPE estava
fortemente correlacionada (p<0,001). Participantes "com burnout" pontuaram
significativamente mais (p<0,001) em todas as subescalas do BSI do que aqueles "sem
burnout". No Brief COPE, os participantes "com burnout" admitiram significativamente mais
estratégias de “planeamento” (p<0,001), recurso a “suporte instrumental” (p=0,048), a
“suporte sócioemocional” dos outros (p=0,004), e a esforços de “aceitação” (p<0,001). Os
enfermeiros reconheceram mais “exaustão emocional” e “despersonalização” do que os
auxiliares, mas essas diferenças não atingiram significância estatística. Curiosamente, os
auxiliares reconheceram significativamente mais realização profissional do que os
enfermeiros (p=0,036). Análises univariadas identificaram duas variáveis (“vontade de mudar
de instituição” e “vontade de mudar de profissão”), e diversas outras do MBI, BSI e Brief
COPE como potenciais preditores de burnout. Recorrendo à regressão logística multivariada,
apenas dois [subescalas “exaustão” (p=0,002) e “despersonalização” (p<0,001) do MBI]
desses preditores se mantiveram, para uma precisão final de previsão do modelo de 95,8%.
Medical assistants and nurses are the health professionals who spend the most time in contact with patients. They may therefore be more susceptible to developing burnout than other professionals. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with burnout among medical assistants and nurses working in France. The sample comprised 143 professionals, including 89 medical assistants and 54 nurses. The instruments used were the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI), the Brief Symptom Checklist (BSI), the Brief COPE and a sociodemographic questionnaire, administered online using the Microsoft Forms® platform. The results indicated that most of the subscales of the BSI and Brief COPE were strongly correlated (p<0.001). Participants "with burnout" scored significantly higher (p<0.001) on all subscales of the BSI than those "without burnout". In the Brief COPE, burnout participants admitted significantly more "planning" strategies (p<0.001), "instrumental support" (p=0.048), "socio-emotional support" from others (p=0.004), and "acceptance" efforts (p<0.001). Nurses recognized more "emotional exhaustion" and "depersonalization" than assistants, but these differences did not reach statistical significance. Interestingly, assistants recognized significantly more professional fulfilment than nurses (p=0.036). Univariate analyses identified two variables ("willingness to change institution" and "willingness to change profession") together with several others from the MBI, BSI and Brief COPE as potential predictors of burnout. Using multivariate logistic regression, only two [MBI subscales "exhaustion" (p=0.002) and "depersonalization" (p<0.001)] of those predictors remained, for a final model prediction accuracy of 95.8%.
Medical assistants and nurses are the health professionals who spend the most time in contact with patients. They may therefore be more susceptible to developing burnout than other professionals. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with burnout among medical assistants and nurses working in France. The sample comprised 143 professionals, including 89 medical assistants and 54 nurses. The instruments used were the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI), the Brief Symptom Checklist (BSI), the Brief COPE and a sociodemographic questionnaire, administered online using the Microsoft Forms® platform. The results indicated that most of the subscales of the BSI and Brief COPE were strongly correlated (p<0.001). Participants "with burnout" scored significantly higher (p<0.001) on all subscales of the BSI than those "without burnout". In the Brief COPE, burnout participants admitted significantly more "planning" strategies (p<0.001), "instrumental support" (p=0.048), "socio-emotional support" from others (p=0.004), and "acceptance" efforts (p<0.001). Nurses recognized more "emotional exhaustion" and "depersonalization" than assistants, but these differences did not reach statistical significance. Interestingly, assistants recognized significantly more professional fulfilment than nurses (p=0.036). Univariate analyses identified two variables ("willingness to change institution" and "willingness to change profession") together with several others from the MBI, BSI and Brief COPE as potential predictors of burnout. Using multivariate logistic regression, only two [MBI subscales "exhaustion" (p=0.002) and "depersonalization" (p<0.001)] of those predictors remained, for a final model prediction accuracy of 95.8%.
Description
Keywords
Síndrome de burnout Enfermeiros Auxiliares de ação médica Brief COPE Brief Symptom Checklist Inventário de burnout de Maslach-Human Services Survey Sistema de Saúde Francês