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A influência do stress no desenvolvimento da doença periodontal
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As doenças periodontais são infeções associadas a bactérias patogénicas específicas que colonizam a área subgengival. Pelo menos dois destes microrganismos, Porphyromonas gingivalis e Actinobacillus actmomycetemcomitans, expressam potentes mecanismos de virulência e podem invadir a gengiva. No entanto, como nas infeções crónicas, o início e a progressão das infeções periodontais são claramente
modificados por condições locais e sistémicas do hospedeiro, ou fatores de risco, que afetam a resistência do hospedeiro à infeção periodontal.
O início e o desenvolvimento da periodontite podem ser influenciados por muitos fatores, modificáveis ou não modificáveis, adquiridos ou inatos, conhecidos como fatores de risco ou modificadores. Com base em dados científicos atuais, o conhecimento, certas condições como diabetes e tabagismo foram identificadas como
fatores de risco para a periodontite. No entanto, stress ou ansiedade, reação fisiológica universal, são cada vez mais identificados como fatores independentes que podem comprometer diretamente a doença periodontal através de vários fatores biológicos ou mecanismos comportamentais quando se tornam excessivos e crónicos.
Este trabalho é realizado no formato de revisão narrativa, com recurso a livros, artigos recentes publicados em revistas de medicina, em plataformas como a PubMed, B-on e Medline, previamente lidos e analisados, que visa estudar a influência e o impacto do stress e os seus marcadores, bem como dos níveis de cortisol no
desenvolvimento da doença periodontal.
Assim sendo, o objetivo desta revisão prende-se com a necessidade de reunir as mais recentes informações e elaborar uma hipótese sobre a interligação de todos estes fatores e a sua influência na periodontite, para que seja possível entender e estudar de que forma podemos diagnosticar, em que campos nos é possível intervir não só ao nível da saúde oral, como mental e física, olhando desta forma para o ser humano como um todo.
Periodontal diseases are infections associated with specific pathogenic bacteriathat colonize the subgingival area. At least two of these microorganisms, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actmomycetemcomitans, express potent virulence mechanisms and can invade the gingiva. However, as with chronic infections, the onset and progression of periodontal infections are clearly modified by local and systemic host conditions, or risk factors, that affect the host's resistance to periodontal infection. The onset and development of periodontitis can be influenced by many factors, modifiable or non-modifiable, acquired or innate, known as risk factors or modifiers. Based on current scientific data, knowledge, certain conditions like diabetes and smoking have been identified as risk factors for periodontitis. However, stress or anxiety, a universal physiological reaction, are increasingly identified as independent factors that can directly compromise periodontal disease through various biological factors or behavioral mechanisms when they become excessive and chronic. This work is carried out in a narrative review format, using books, recent articles published in medical journals, on platforms such as PubMed, B-on and medline, previously read and analyzed, which aims to study the influence and impact of stress. and its markers, as well as cortisol levels in the development of periodontal disease. Therefore, the objective of this review is related to the need to gather the most recent information and elaborate a hypothesis about the interconnection of all these factors and their influence on periodontitis, so that it is possible to understand and study how we can diagnose, in which fields it is possible for us to intervene not only at the level of oral health, but also mental and physical, looking at the human being as a whole.
Periodontal diseases are infections associated with specific pathogenic bacteriathat colonize the subgingival area. At least two of these microorganisms, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actmomycetemcomitans, express potent virulence mechanisms and can invade the gingiva. However, as with chronic infections, the onset and progression of periodontal infections are clearly modified by local and systemic host conditions, or risk factors, that affect the host's resistance to periodontal infection. The onset and development of periodontitis can be influenced by many factors, modifiable or non-modifiable, acquired or innate, known as risk factors or modifiers. Based on current scientific data, knowledge, certain conditions like diabetes and smoking have been identified as risk factors for periodontitis. However, stress or anxiety, a universal physiological reaction, are increasingly identified as independent factors that can directly compromise periodontal disease through various biological factors or behavioral mechanisms when they become excessive and chronic. This work is carried out in a narrative review format, using books, recent articles published in medical journals, on platforms such as PubMed, B-on and medline, previously read and analyzed, which aims to study the influence and impact of stress. and its markers, as well as cortisol levels in the development of periodontal disease. Therefore, the objective of this review is related to the need to gather the most recent information and elaborate a hypothesis about the interconnection of all these factors and their influence on periodontitis, so that it is possible to understand and study how we can diagnose, in which fields it is possible for us to intervene not only at the level of oral health, but also mental and physical, looking at the human being as a whole.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Ansiedade Cortisol Doenças periodontais Stress