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Marcadores salivares na esclerose mĂșltipla
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Abstract(s)
A deteção precoce de uma doença desempenha um papel fundamental para a formulação de um correto plano de tratamento e prognóstico. A saliva é um fluido biológico cada vez mais utilizado como meio de investigação de diversas patologias, uma vez que a colheita e processamento das amostras é simples, económico e preciso, e não causa desconforto ao doente. Os seus constituintes podem ser utilizados como marcadores que podem revelar doenças sistémicas e ajudar no diagnóstico, prognóstico e seu tratamento.
Devido à relação próxima entre as glùndulas salivares e o sistema nervoso e o avanço dos métodos de deteção e quantificação dos seus constituintes, a procura de marcadores salivares para as doenças neurológicas tem sido cada vez mais investigada.
A esclerose mĂșltipla (EM) Ă© uma doença crĂłnica inflamatĂłria do sistema nervoso central, incapacitante, que se manifesta em adultos jovens (20-40 anos) e cuja incidĂȘncia tem aumentado nas Ășltimas dĂ©cadas em todo o mundo. A EM Ă© uma doença desmielinizante e neurodegenerativa de evolução clĂnica muito variĂĄvel, provavelmente heterogĂ©nea nos seus mecanismos patogĂ©nicos, para a qual podem contribuir mĂșltiplos fatores genĂ©ticos e ambientais. Embora tenham existido numerosos progressos no diagnĂłstico e tratamento da EM, os biomarcadores reconhecidos como indicadores da sua evolução no doente individual sĂŁo sobretudo biomarcadores de imagem e marcadores medidos no lĂquido cefalorraquidiano. A busca de biomarcadores acessĂveis e econĂłmicos para os complementar permanece uma tarefa desafiadora e de grande interesse clĂnico, pois poderĂĄ possibilitar terapĂȘuticas mais personalizadas para cada tipo de indivĂduo.
O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em, através de uma revisão bibliogråfica, compreender quais os potenciais marcadores salivares relevantes para o diagnóstico e prognóstico da EM.
Para a realização deste trabalho foi efetuada uma revisĂŁo da literatura cientĂfica existente recorrendo Ă s bases de dados como PubMed, B-on, Cochrane e ScienceDirect.
Early detection of a disease plays a key role in formulating a correct treatment plan and prognosis. Saliva is a biological fluid increasingly used as a tool for investigating various pathologies, since its collection and processing of samples are simple, economical and accurate, and do not cause discomfort to the patient. Its constituents can be used as markers that can reveal systemic diseases and aid in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Due to the close relationship between the salivary glands and the nervous system and the advancement of methods of detection and quantification of their constituents, the search for salivary markers for neurological diseases has been increasingly investigated. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, disabling, that manifests in young adults (20-40 years) and whose incidence has increased worldwide in recent decades. MS is a demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease, of very variable clinical evolution and probably heterogeneous in its pathogenic mechanisms which multiple genetic and environmental factors can contribute. Although there have been numerous advances in the diagnosis and treatment of MS, the biomarkers recognized as indicators of their evolution in the individual patient are mainly imaging biomarkers and markers measured in cerebrospinal fluid. The search of affordable and economical biomarkers to complement them remain a challenging task and of great clinical interest, as it may enable more personalized therapies for each type of individual. The objective of this work is to understand, through a literature review, which potential salivary markers are relevant for the diagnosis and prognosis of MS. For the accomplishment of this work, a review of the existing scientific literature was selected through PubMed, B-on, Cochrane and ScienceDirect.
Early detection of a disease plays a key role in formulating a correct treatment plan and prognosis. Saliva is a biological fluid increasingly used as a tool for investigating various pathologies, since its collection and processing of samples are simple, economical and accurate, and do not cause discomfort to the patient. Its constituents can be used as markers that can reveal systemic diseases and aid in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Due to the close relationship between the salivary glands and the nervous system and the advancement of methods of detection and quantification of their constituents, the search for salivary markers for neurological diseases has been increasingly investigated. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, disabling, that manifests in young adults (20-40 years) and whose incidence has increased worldwide in recent decades. MS is a demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease, of very variable clinical evolution and probably heterogeneous in its pathogenic mechanisms which multiple genetic and environmental factors can contribute. Although there have been numerous advances in the diagnosis and treatment of MS, the biomarkers recognized as indicators of their evolution in the individual patient are mainly imaging biomarkers and markers measured in cerebrospinal fluid. The search of affordable and economical biomarkers to complement them remain a challenging task and of great clinical interest, as it may enable more personalized therapies for each type of individual. The objective of this work is to understand, through a literature review, which potential salivary markers are relevant for the diagnosis and prognosis of MS. For the accomplishment of this work, a review of the existing scientific literature was selected through PubMed, B-on, Cochrane and ScienceDirect.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitårio Egas Moniz
Keywords
Biomarcadores salivares Esclerose mĂșltipla Doença neurodegenerativa Inflamação