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Doença do Compartimento Medial do Cotovelo em Cães
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Abstract(s)
A doença do compartimento medial do cotovelo em cães corresponde a um conjunto de patologias
que incluem esclerose subcondral, microfraturas ou fissuras do processo coronoide medial,
fragmentação do processo coronoide medial e lesões da cartilagem ao nível do epicôndilo umeral
medial e do processo coronoide, excluindo patologias do compartimento lateral do cotovelo. Esta
patologia integra-se no âmbito da displasia do cotovelo, uma vez que esta compreende a doença do
processo coronoide medial, osteocondrite dissecante, incongruência do cotovelo e a não união do
processo ancóneo. A displasia do cotovelo é uma doença hereditária poligénica, mais comum em cães
jovens de raça grande ou gigante. O diagnóstico da doença do compartimento medial baseia-se no
exame físico e em técnicas de imagem como a radiografia, tomografia computorizada e artroscopia. O
cão afetado pode apresentar claudicação do membro torácico dor à palpação da articulação,
transferência de peso para o membro contralateral não afetado, abdução do cotovelo e supinação do
antebraço, entre outros sinais clínicos. Esta dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo principal
realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a anatomia da articulação do cotovelo, as possíveis etiologias
associadas à doença do compartimento medial do cotovelo, os métodos e técnicas de diagnóstico,
bem como as estratégias terapêuticas conservadoras e cirúrgicas disponíveis para corrigir ou
minimizar o impacto desta condição, que constitui a principal causa de claudicação dos membros
torácicos em cães de raça grande, assumindo particular relevância na medicina de animais de
companhia.
The medial compartment disease of the canine elbow encompasses a group of pathologies, including subchondral sclerosis, microfractures or fissures of the medial coronoid process, fragmentation of the medial coronoid process and cartilage lesions at the level of the medial humeral epicondyle and the medial coronoid process, excluding involving pathologies of the lateral compartment of the elbow. This condition falls within the scope of elbow dysplasia, which encompasses medial coronoid disease, osteochondritis dissecans, elbow incongruity and ununited anconeal process. Elbow dysplasia is a hereditary polygenic disease, most found in young dogs of large or giant breeds. The diagnosis of medial compartment disease is based on physical examination and imaging techniques such as radiography, computed tomography and arthroscopy. Affected dogs may present with forelimb lameness, pain on palpation of the joint, weight shifting to the contralateral limb, elbow abduction, and forearm supination, among other clinical signs. This master’s dissertation aims to provide a bibliographic review of the elbow joint anatomy , the etiologies associated with medial compartment disease, the diagnostic methods and techniques, and the conservative and surgical therapeutic strategies available to manage or reduce the impact of this condition, as it represents the most common cause of thoracic limb lameness in large breed dogs, being particularly relevant in small animal clinical practice.
The medial compartment disease of the canine elbow encompasses a group of pathologies, including subchondral sclerosis, microfractures or fissures of the medial coronoid process, fragmentation of the medial coronoid process and cartilage lesions at the level of the medial humeral epicondyle and the medial coronoid process, excluding involving pathologies of the lateral compartment of the elbow. This condition falls within the scope of elbow dysplasia, which encompasses medial coronoid disease, osteochondritis dissecans, elbow incongruity and ununited anconeal process. Elbow dysplasia is a hereditary polygenic disease, most found in young dogs of large or giant breeds. The diagnosis of medial compartment disease is based on physical examination and imaging techniques such as radiography, computed tomography and arthroscopy. Affected dogs may present with forelimb lameness, pain on palpation of the joint, weight shifting to the contralateral limb, elbow abduction, and forearm supination, among other clinical signs. This master’s dissertation aims to provide a bibliographic review of the elbow joint anatomy , the etiologies associated with medial compartment disease, the diagnostic methods and techniques, and the conservative and surgical therapeutic strategies available to manage or reduce the impact of this condition, as it represents the most common cause of thoracic limb lameness in large breed dogs, being particularly relevant in small animal clinical practice.
Description
Keywords
Articulação Cão Cotovelo Displasia do cotovelo Doença do compartimento medial Dogs Elbow Elbow dysplasia Joint Medial compartment disease