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Utilização eficiente da água em instalações militares: O edifício de alojamento dos alunos da Academia Militar na Amadora
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| 43.67 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
Resumo
Reduzir o consumo de água é uma das mais importantes necessidades atuais do planeta Terra.
Mudar hábitos e sistemas antigos e pouco eficientes tem de ser uma prioridade de todos, devido ao
enorme valor ambiental, social e económico que a água tem.
A presente dissertação visou estimar o consumo de água, para posteriormente apresentar duas
soluções que possibilitem reduzir o mesmo num edifício que anualmente apresenta gastos e
desperdícios muito elevados - o edifício de alojamento dos alunos da Academia Militar na Amadora.
Numa primeira fase foi realizado um levantamento de possíveis medidas a implementar em
edifícios, para promover o uso eficiente da água. A estimativa dos consumos de água atuais no edifício
em estudo baseou-se em experiências realizadas in situ, que possibilitaram a medição dos caudais dos
diversos equipamentos existentes. No entanto, em alguns casos foram utilizados valores tradicionais
de referência, disponíveis na bibliografia consultada. Por outro lado, a estimativa dos consumos de
água associados à implementação das novas soluções, assentou unicamente em valores teóricos de
referência.
Com o propósito final de se justificar a viabilidade e a necessidade de intervir no edifício,
determinaram-se os custos de investimento associados a cada nova medida sugerida, os períodos de
retorno desses investimentos e os volumes de água que poderiam ser poupados.
A primeira hipótese sugerida assenta em ações de sensibilização dos alunos para a importância
de adotar comportamentos mais sustentáveis e também na instalação de equipamentos com consumos
mais reduzidos. A segunda hipótese consiste na implementação de um sistema de aproveitamento de
águas pluviais, em conjunto com as mesmas ações de sensibilização e substituição dos equipamentos
existentes no edifício por outros mais eficientes.
Por fim, foi feita uma análise das soluções sugeridas, que permitiu perceber quais os benefícios
económicos e ambientais associados a cada uma delas e se a sua implementação se justifica ou não.
Ambas as hipóteses apresentadas revelaram ser bastante benéficas. A primeira hipótese
possibilitaria uma redução no consumo de água mensal de 57% enquanto a segunda permitiria uma
redução de 62%. Os custos de investimento são elevados, mas o período de retorno seria relativamente
curto. Além disso, em termos ambientais, as duas hipóteses sugeridas permitiriam poupanças na ordem
dos 7300/7900 m3 de água ao fim de dozes meses.
Concluiu-se que o importante é intervir, pois qualquer mudança, mesmo que pequena, será
sempre benéfica. O caminho passa, sem dúvida alguma, por preservar ao máximo a água potável e
apostar noutras fontes e sistemas alternativos.
Reducing the water consumption is one of the greatest challenges of the planet Earth. Changing old habits and less efficient systems has to be a global priority, mainly due to the enormous environmental, social and economical value that water has. This dissertation aimed to estimate the water consumption in a building that annualy shows to have major costs and waste of this essential element, due to its daily human attendance - the Military Academy’s students’ building in Amadora, Lisbon. Firstly, several measures that could be implemented in buildings in general, to promote a more efficient use of water, were studied. Posteriorly, an estimation of the current water consumption in the building was made. This was based on several in situ experiments, which allowed the measurement of the flow in the different existing equipments. On the other hand, the estimation of the water consumption associated to the implementation of the presented alternatives to the current system, were based only on reference theoretical values. With the main aim of justifying the need of changing the current system in use, an estimate of the costs associated to both suggested alternatives, was made. The period of time that it would take to obtain some return of the investment and the amount of water that could be saved, was also taken into account. The first suggested hypothesis would be based on raising awareness of the students about how important it is to adopt a sustainable behavior, when it comes to water consumption. Also, the first hypothesis suggests the instalation of new equipment that allows less waste of water. The second suggested hypothesis consists on the implementation of a rainwater harvesting system, together with raising awareness actions and also substituting the existing equipment by a more efficient one. Finally, both alternatives were analyzed and this allowed to conclude which were the economical and environmental benefits associated to both of them, and more importantly if their implementation would be advantageous. Both the hypothesis revealed to be extremely beneficious. The first one would allow a monthly water consumption reduction of 57%, while the second one would allow a reduction of 62%. The investment costs would be considerably high, but the period of return woud be relatively short. Moreover, environmentally speaking, the two hypotheses suggested would allow savings of 7300/7900 m3 of water, after twelve months. It was concluded that it is crucial to intervene, because any change, no matter how small it is, will always be beneficial. Preserving as much as possible the drinking water and invest on other sources and alternative systems, are without any doubt the main solutions to be implemented.
Reducing the water consumption is one of the greatest challenges of the planet Earth. Changing old habits and less efficient systems has to be a global priority, mainly due to the enormous environmental, social and economical value that water has. This dissertation aimed to estimate the water consumption in a building that annualy shows to have major costs and waste of this essential element, due to its daily human attendance - the Military Academy’s students’ building in Amadora, Lisbon. Firstly, several measures that could be implemented in buildings in general, to promote a more efficient use of water, were studied. Posteriorly, an estimation of the current water consumption in the building was made. This was based on several in situ experiments, which allowed the measurement of the flow in the different existing equipments. On the other hand, the estimation of the water consumption associated to the implementation of the presented alternatives to the current system, were based only on reference theoretical values. With the main aim of justifying the need of changing the current system in use, an estimate of the costs associated to both suggested alternatives, was made. The period of time that it would take to obtain some return of the investment and the amount of water that could be saved, was also taken into account. The first suggested hypothesis would be based on raising awareness of the students about how important it is to adopt a sustainable behavior, when it comes to water consumption. Also, the first hypothesis suggests the instalation of new equipment that allows less waste of water. The second suggested hypothesis consists on the implementation of a rainwater harvesting system, together with raising awareness actions and also substituting the existing equipment by a more efficient one. Finally, both alternatives were analyzed and this allowed to conclude which were the economical and environmental benefits associated to both of them, and more importantly if their implementation would be advantageous. Both the hypothesis revealed to be extremely beneficious. The first one would allow a monthly water consumption reduction of 57%, while the second one would allow a reduction of 62%. The investment costs would be considerably high, but the period of return woud be relatively short. Moreover, environmentally speaking, the two hypotheses suggested would allow savings of 7300/7900 m3 of water, after twelve months. It was concluded that it is crucial to intervene, because any change, no matter how small it is, will always be beneficial. Preserving as much as possible the drinking water and invest on other sources and alternative systems, are without any doubt the main solutions to be implemented.
Description
Keywords
Academia Militar Consumo de Água Investimento Uso Eficiente da Água Sistema de Aproveitamento de Águas Pluviais