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Publication
Necessidades de frio de sete cultivares portuguesas de oliveira (Olea europaea L.)
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Authors
Abstract(s)
Os processos que conduzem à frutificação da oliveira requerem duas estações
consecutivas, na primeira são formados os ramos e ocorre a indução floral; na segunda,
a anteceder o abrolhamento floral, os gomos axilares acumulam o frio necessário para
a quebra da endodormência. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar as
necessidades de frio em de cultivares portuguesas de oliveira. O estudo foi realizado no
outono/inverno de 2018/2019 e desenvolveu-se em olivais regados e em produção
estabelecidos no concelho de Campo Maior (cultivares: `Azeiteira`, ´Blanqueta de Elvas`
e `Carrasquenha de Elvas´), no concelho de Monforte (cultivares: ´Azeiteira`, ´Galega
Vulgar` e ´Cobrançosa`), no concelho de Elvas (cultivares: ´Azeiteira`, ´Blanqueta de
Elvas`, ´Carrasquenha de Elvas`, ´Cobrançosa`, ´Cordovil de Serpa`, ´Galega Vulgar` e
´Verdeal de Serpa`). O procedimento experimental consistiu em utilizar estacas de
ramos do ano anterior, colhidos nos olivais durante seis semanas consecutivas, desde a
1ª semana de janeiro até à 2ª semana de fevereiro de 2019. As estacas com três pares
de folhas/estaca foram colocadas em recipientes de plástico com perlite humedecida e
mantidas em câmara de crescimento com uma temperatura de 20ºC, fotoperíodo de 12
horas e humidade relativa superior a 65%. Depois de um período inicial de permanência,
procedeu-se à caracterização da evolução dos gomos axilares, nomeadamente o
surgimento dos gomos florais, de gomos vegetativos e dos gomos que permaneceram
dormentes. Da caracterização da evolução do abrolhamento nos gomos axilares, a
observação à 5ª semana de forçagem surgiu como a melhor data para avaliação
discriminativa do abrolhamento floral entre cultivares e das horas de frio para a quebra
da endodormência.
As cultivares de oliveira em estudo ficaram agrupadas em três grupos: 1º grupo com a
menor exigência em quantidade de HF acumuladas, com a cultivar ´Azeiteira`; 2º grupo
com exigências intermédias de HF acumuladas, com as cultivares ´Carrasquenha` e
´Cobrançosa`; 3º grupo com a ‘Cordovil de Serpa’ e ‘Verdeal de Serpa’, que foram as
cultivares com maiores exigências, neste estudo com mais 35% HF que o primeiro grupo
The processes that lead to fructification of the olive tree require two consecutive seasons, in the first are formed the branches and occurs the floral induction; in the second, in advance of the floral sprouting, the axillary buds accumulate the cold necessary for the breakage of the endodormancy. The present work aimed to characterize the needs of cold for the break age of the period of endodormancy of Portuguese olive cultivars. The study carried out in autumn/winter 2018/2019 was developed in watered and in full production olive groves, established in the municipality of Campo Maior (cultivars: 'Azeiteira',́Blanqueta de Elvas' and 'Carrasquenha de Elvas ́), in the municipality of Monforte (cultivars: 'Azeiteira', 'Galega Vulgar' and 'Cobrançosa'), in the municipality of Elvas (cultivars: 'Olive Oil', ́Blanqueta de Elvas', ́Carrasquenha de Elvas', ́Cobrançosa', 'Cordovil de Serpa', 'Galega Vulgar' and 'Verdeal de Serpa'). The experimental procedure consisted of using branches cuttings from the previous year, harvested in olive groves along six consecutive weeks, from the 1st week of January to the 2nd week of February 2019. The shoot with three pairs of leaves/cutting were placed in plastic containers with moistened perlite and kept in a growth chamber with a temperature of 20ºC, photoperiod of 12 hours and relative humidity greater than 65%. After an initial period of stay, the evolution of the axillary buds was characterized, namely the emergence of floral buds, vegetative buds and buds that remained dormant. From the characterization of the evolution of the axillary buds, the observation at the 5th week of force emerged as the best date for discriminative evaluation of the floral sprouting between cultivars and hours of cold for the breakage of the endodormancy. The olive cultivars under study were grouped into three groups: 1st group with the lowest requirement in accumulated HF quantity, with the cultivar Azeiteira'; 2nd group with intermediate requirements of HF accumulated, with the cultivars 'Carrasquenha' and 'Cobrançosa'; 3rd group with 'Cordovil de Serpa' and 'Verdeal de Serpa', which were the cultivars with the highest demands, in this study with 35% more HF than the first group
The processes that lead to fructification of the olive tree require two consecutive seasons, in the first are formed the branches and occurs the floral induction; in the second, in advance of the floral sprouting, the axillary buds accumulate the cold necessary for the breakage of the endodormancy. The present work aimed to characterize the needs of cold for the break age of the period of endodormancy of Portuguese olive cultivars. The study carried out in autumn/winter 2018/2019 was developed in watered and in full production olive groves, established in the municipality of Campo Maior (cultivars: 'Azeiteira',́Blanqueta de Elvas' and 'Carrasquenha de Elvas ́), in the municipality of Monforte (cultivars: 'Azeiteira', 'Galega Vulgar' and 'Cobrançosa'), in the municipality of Elvas (cultivars: 'Olive Oil', ́Blanqueta de Elvas', ́Carrasquenha de Elvas', ́Cobrançosa', 'Cordovil de Serpa', 'Galega Vulgar' and 'Verdeal de Serpa'). The experimental procedure consisted of using branches cuttings from the previous year, harvested in olive groves along six consecutive weeks, from the 1st week of January to the 2nd week of February 2019. The shoot with three pairs of leaves/cutting were placed in plastic containers with moistened perlite and kept in a growth chamber with a temperature of 20ºC, photoperiod of 12 hours and relative humidity greater than 65%. After an initial period of stay, the evolution of the axillary buds was characterized, namely the emergence of floral buds, vegetative buds and buds that remained dormant. From the characterization of the evolution of the axillary buds, the observation at the 5th week of force emerged as the best date for discriminative evaluation of the floral sprouting between cultivars and hours of cold for the breakage of the endodormancy. The olive cultivars under study were grouped into three groups: 1st group with the lowest requirement in accumulated HF quantity, with the cultivar Azeiteira'; 2nd group with intermediate requirements of HF accumulated, with the cultivars 'Carrasquenha' and 'Cobrançosa'; 3rd group with 'Cordovil de Serpa' and 'Verdeal de Serpa', which were the cultivars with the highest demands, in this study with 35% more HF than the first group
Description
Keywords
Olival abrolhamento horas de frio endodormência Olive grove hours of cold endodormancy budbreak