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A presente investigação analisa o posicionamento geoestratégico de Portugal no período compreendido entre 1974 e 2024, tendo como objetivo geral: esquematizar as constantes e linhas de força do referido posicionamento. A investigação seguiu um raciocínio indutivo, assente numa estratégia de investigação qualitativa, sustentada por um estudo de caso simples com horizonte temporal longitudinal. A recolha de dados assentou na análise de conteúdo de documentos estruturantes políticos (Programa de Governo) e estratégicos (Conceito Estratégico de Defesa Nacional [CEDN]), complementada por entrevistas semiestruturadas a anteriores chefias militares e entidades civis envolvidas na formulação do CEDN. Os resultados revelam que as fronteiras nacionais evoluíram para um espaço de geometria variável, que o posicionamento geopolítico português assenta em três espaços constantes e três áreas complementares, e que o ambiente estratégico externo se complexificou com a inserção em organizações internacionais, mas permitiu mitigar vulnerabilidades e alargar a flexibilidade da ação geoestratégica nacional. Concluiu-se que o posicionamento geoestratégico português se estrutura em torno de três vetores constantes — europeu, transatlântico e lusófono — onde a ação estratégica é estruturada a fim de atingir objetivos políticos, aos quais se somam três linhas de força — marítima, Magrebe e Ásia — que conferem flexibilidade à ação estratégica.
This study analyses Portugal’s geostrategic positioning between 1974 and 2024, with the general objective of outlining the constants and lines of force that shape this positioning. The research followed an inductive reasoning, based on a qualitative research strategy, supported by a simple case study with a longitudinal time frame. Data collection was based on content analysis of political (Government Programmes) and strategic (National Defence Strategic Concept – CEDN) documents, complemented by semi-structured interviews with former military leaders and civilian individuals involved in the formulation of the CEDN. The results reveal that national borders have evolved into a space of variable geometry; that Portugal’s geopolitical positioning is grounded in three constant spaces and three complementary areas; and that the external strategic environment has become more complex due to the country’s integration in international organisations, allowing for the mitigation of vulnerabilities and the enhancement of strategic flexibility. It is concluded that Portugal’s geostrategic positioning is structured around three constant vectors — European, Transatlantic and Lusophone — where strategic action is organised to achieve political objectives, to which are added three lines of force — maritime, Maghreb and Asia — that provide adaptability to its strategic action.
This study analyses Portugal’s geostrategic positioning between 1974 and 2024, with the general objective of outlining the constants and lines of force that shape this positioning. The research followed an inductive reasoning, based on a qualitative research strategy, supported by a simple case study with a longitudinal time frame. Data collection was based on content analysis of political (Government Programmes) and strategic (National Defence Strategic Concept – CEDN) documents, complemented by semi-structured interviews with former military leaders and civilian individuals involved in the formulation of the CEDN. The results reveal that national borders have evolved into a space of variable geometry; that Portugal’s geopolitical positioning is grounded in three constant spaces and three complementary areas; and that the external strategic environment has become more complex due to the country’s integration in international organisations, allowing for the mitigation of vulnerabilities and the enhancement of strategic flexibility. It is concluded that Portugal’s geostrategic positioning is structured around three constant vectors — European, Transatlantic and Lusophone — where strategic action is organised to achieve political objectives, to which are added three lines of force — maritime, Maghreb and Asia — that provide adaptability to its strategic action.
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