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Determinantes da literacia financeira dos jovens: uma comparação entre os países participantes do programa internacional de avaliação de estudantes.
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Nas últimas décadas, tanto os países desenvolvidos como os países em desenvolvimento revelaram uma preocupação crescente com o nível de literacia financeira dos seus cidadãos, em especial dos jovens. Neste contexto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo principal analisar os fatores determinantes da literacia financeira dos jovens. A investigação efetuada assentou num estudo misto, tendo sido cruzada a informação colhida na bibliografia e com aquela que foi extraída nos bancos de dados, ambas sobre literacia financeira e disponibilizadas pelo Programme for International Student Assessment 2018 (PISA 2018). Os dados foram tratados através de estatística descritiva e de um modelo de regressão linear múltipla, tendo sido utilizados os programas RStudio e Excel. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que os recursos patrimoniais dos pais constituem o fator com maior impacto no desempenho financeiro dos estudantes, seguidos do comportamento e do conhecimento financeiros dos próprios alunos. No que respeita ao género, as diferenças nos níveis de literacia financeira variaram entre países: em alguns, os jovens do sexo masculino apresentaram melhor desempenho; noutros, foram os do sexo feminino quem se destacou. Certo é que, na maioria dos casos, a discrepância entre géneros não se mostrou estatisticamente significativa, sugerindo que outros fatores podem exercer uma influência mais relevante nos níveis de literacia financeira. Também se apurou que a influência parental teve um papel menos relevante, e por vezes até inconsistente, no desempenho financeiro dos jovens.
In recent decades, both developed and developing countries have become increasingly concerned about the level of financial literacy of their citizens, especially young people. In this context, the main objective of this study is to analyze the determining factors of young people's financial literacy. The research carried out was based on a mixed study, with information gathered from the literature and that extracted from databases, both on financial literacy and made available by the Programme for International Student Assessment 2018 (PISA 2018), being cross-referenced. The data was processed using descriptive statistics and a multiple linear regression model, using the RStudio and Excel programs. The results showed that parents' assets are the factor with the greatest impact on students' financial performance, followed by students' own financial behavior and knowledge. With regard to gender, the differences in financial literacy levels varied between countries: in some, young males performed better; in others, it was females who stood out. What is certain is that, in most cases, the discrepancy between genders was not statistically significant, suggesting that other factors may have a more relevant influence on financial literacy levels. It was also found that parental influence played a less relevant, and sometimes even inconsistent, role in young people's financial performance.
In recent decades, both developed and developing countries have become increasingly concerned about the level of financial literacy of their citizens, especially young people. In this context, the main objective of this study is to analyze the determining factors of young people's financial literacy. The research carried out was based on a mixed study, with information gathered from the literature and that extracted from databases, both on financial literacy and made available by the Programme for International Student Assessment 2018 (PISA 2018), being cross-referenced. The data was processed using descriptive statistics and a multiple linear regression model, using the RStudio and Excel programs. The results showed that parents' assets are the factor with the greatest impact on students' financial performance, followed by students' own financial behavior and knowledge. With regard to gender, the differences in financial literacy levels varied between countries: in some, young males performed better; in others, it was females who stood out. What is certain is that, in most cases, the discrepancy between genders was not statistically significant, suggesting that other factors may have a more relevant influence on financial literacy levels. It was also found that parental influence played a less relevant, and sometimes even inconsistent, role in young people's financial performance.
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Palavras-chave
Literacia financeira Juventude Comparação internacional Educação financeira PISA/OCDE Financial literacy Youth International comparison Financial education PISA/OECD