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O Processamento Fonológico (PF) desempenha um papel essencial na aprendizagem da leitura e, em menor grau, da aritmética, constituindo um domínio central na compreensão das dificuldades escolares. O presente estudo teve como objetivos, adaptar e validar a Tarefa de Cálculos Aritméticos Básicos (TCAB), subteste da Bateria Neuropsicológica PRONUM3RO, para o contexto do Português Europeu (PE), e examinar a relação entre os componentes do PF, Consciência Fonológica (CF), Memória de Trabalho Verbal (MTV) e Nomeação Rápida (NR), e o desempenho em leitura e cálculo em crianças do 3.º ano de escolaridade.
Participaram 84 crianças (M = 8,95 anos) do ensino básico. Foram aplicados instrumentos padronizados para avaliar o raciocínio não verbal, os componentes do PF, a leitura (precisão, fluência e compreensão) e a aritmética (cálculos básicos). A TCAB adaptada ao PE apresentou boa consistência interna e validade convergente e discriminante adequadas, confirmando a sua aplicabilidade no contexto português.
As Análises de Regressão Hierárquica revelaram que, após o controlo da idade e do raciocínio não verbal, a CF destacou-se como o preditor mais robusto da leitura, enquanto a NR contribuiu para o desempenho aritmético, refletindo a importância da velocidade de acesso lexical. A MTV não apresentou contributo significativo para o desempenho em leitura ou cálculo.
Estes resultados confirmam a especificidade dos componentes do PF, evidenciando a pertinência da TCAB adaptada como instrumento de avaliação neuropsicológica e salientando a importância de intervenções educativas e clínicas que integrem as dimensões fonológicas e cognitivas no desenvolvimento das competências escolares básicas.
Phonological Processing (PP) plays a key role in reading acquisition and, to a lesser extent, in arithmetic learning, representing a core domain in the understanding of academic difficulties. The present study aimed to adapt and validate the Basic Arithmetic Calculation Task (TCAB), a subtest of the PRONUM3RO Neuropsychological Battery, for the European Portuguese (EP) context, and to examine the relationship between the components of PP — Phonological Awareness (PA), Verbal Working Memory (VWM), and Rapid Naming (RN) — and performance in reading and arithmetic among third-grade children. A total of 84 children (M = 8.95 years) from primary education participated. Standardized instruments were administered to assess nonverbal reasoning, PP components, reading (accuracy, fluency, and comprehension), and arithmetic (basic calculations). The TCAB adapted to EP showed good internal consistency and adequate convergent and discriminant validity, confirming its applicability in the Portuguese context. Hierarchical Regression Analyses revealed that, after controlling for age and nonverbal reasoning, PA emerged as the strongest predictor of reading, while RN contributed to arithmetic performance, highlighting the importance of lexical access speed. VWM did not show a significant contribution to either reading or calculation performance. These findings confirm the specificity of PP components, demonstrating the relevance of the adapted TCAB as a neuropsychological assessment tool and reinforcing the importance of educational and clinical interventions that integrate phonological and cognitive dimensions in the development of fundamental academic skills.
Phonological Processing (PP) plays a key role in reading acquisition and, to a lesser extent, in arithmetic learning, representing a core domain in the understanding of academic difficulties. The present study aimed to adapt and validate the Basic Arithmetic Calculation Task (TCAB), a subtest of the PRONUM3RO Neuropsychological Battery, for the European Portuguese (EP) context, and to examine the relationship between the components of PP — Phonological Awareness (PA), Verbal Working Memory (VWM), and Rapid Naming (RN) — and performance in reading and arithmetic among third-grade children. A total of 84 children (M = 8.95 years) from primary education participated. Standardized instruments were administered to assess nonverbal reasoning, PP components, reading (accuracy, fluency, and comprehension), and arithmetic (basic calculations). The TCAB adapted to EP showed good internal consistency and adequate convergent and discriminant validity, confirming its applicability in the Portuguese context. Hierarchical Regression Analyses revealed that, after controlling for age and nonverbal reasoning, PA emerged as the strongest predictor of reading, while RN contributed to arithmetic performance, highlighting the importance of lexical access speed. VWM did not show a significant contribution to either reading or calculation performance. These findings confirm the specificity of PP components, demonstrating the relevance of the adapted TCAB as a neuropsychological assessment tool and reinforcing the importance of educational and clinical interventions that integrate phonological and cognitive dimensions in the development of fundamental academic skills.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Cálculo Consciência fonológica Leitura Memória de trabalho verbal Nomeação rápida Processamento fonológico
