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O delirium é uma perturbação neuropsiquiátrica aguda, caracterizada por início súbito de confusão, flutuações do nível de consciência, défice de atenção e alterações cognitivas. Em cuidados intensivos, constitui a manifestação mais frequente de disfunção cerebral aguda, apresentando elevada prevalência, particularmente em doentes ventilados mecanicamente. Está associado a consequências clínicas relevantes, incluindo aumento da duração da ventilação mecânica e do internamento, maior mortalidade, institucionalização após a alta e défices cognitivos persistentes.
Apesar do seu impacto, uma proporção significativa de casos permanece não identificada, o que reforça a necessidade de deteção precoce através de instrumentos validados.
Assim, pretendemos evidenciar a importância das intervenções de Enfermagem Especializada na deteção precoce do delirium na pessoa em situação crítica.
Na elaboração do presente relatório, recorremos a uma metodologia descritiva, crítica, reflexiva e fundamentada, integrando as atividades desenvolvidas ao longo de todo o percurso formativo. Destacamos nos contextos de estágio, uma Unidade de Cuidados Intermédios de Medicina e um Serviço de Medicina Intensiva Polivalente, o seu valioso contributo para a aquisição e desenvolvimento das competências de Mestre em Enfermagem, bem como das Competências Comuns do Enfermeiro Especialista e das Competências Específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica na área de Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação Crítica.
Do ponto de vista conceptual, adotou-se a Teoria da Vulnerabilidade de Rogers como referencial orientador do pensamento em enfermagem, e todo o percurso foi sustentado pelos Regulamentos das Competências Comuns do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação Crítica, bem como pelos descritores de Dublin que enquadram o segundo ciclo de estudos conducente ao grau de Mestre em Enfermagem.
Delirium is an acute neuropsychiatric disorder, characterised by the sudden onset of confusion, fluctuations in the level of consciousness, attentional deficits, and cognitive disturbances. In intensive care, it represents the most common manifestation of acute brain dysfunction, with a high prevalence, particularly among mechanically ventilated patients. It is associated with clinically significant outcomes, including prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation and hospitalisation, increased mortality, institutionalisation after discharge, and persistent cognitive impairment. Despite its impact, a substantial number of cases remains unrecognised, which reinforces the need for early detection using validated instruments. Therefore, this report seeks to highlight the importance of specialist nursing interventions in the early detection of delirium in the critically ill patient. In preparing this report, we adopted a descriptive, critical, reflective, and evidence-informed methodology, integrating the activities undertaken throughout the entire training pathway. We highlight the clinical placement settings— an Intermediate, Level 2, Medical Care Unit and a Polyvalent Intensive Care Unit—and their valuable contribution to the acquisition and development of Master’s-level nursing competencies, as well as the Common Competencies of the Specialist Nurse and the Specific Competencies of the Specialist Nurse in Medical–Surgical Nursing within the field of Critical Care. From a conceptual standpoint, Rogers’ Theory of Vulnerability was adopted as the guiding framework for nursing thought, and the entire trajectory was underpinned by the Regulations governing the Common Competences of the Specialist Nurse in Nursing Care for the Person in Critical Condition, as well as by the Dublin Descriptors that frame the second cycle of studies leading to the degree of Master in Nursing.
Delirium is an acute neuropsychiatric disorder, characterised by the sudden onset of confusion, fluctuations in the level of consciousness, attentional deficits, and cognitive disturbances. In intensive care, it represents the most common manifestation of acute brain dysfunction, with a high prevalence, particularly among mechanically ventilated patients. It is associated with clinically significant outcomes, including prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation and hospitalisation, increased mortality, institutionalisation after discharge, and persistent cognitive impairment. Despite its impact, a substantial number of cases remains unrecognised, which reinforces the need for early detection using validated instruments. Therefore, this report seeks to highlight the importance of specialist nursing interventions in the early detection of delirium in the critically ill patient. In preparing this report, we adopted a descriptive, critical, reflective, and evidence-informed methodology, integrating the activities undertaken throughout the entire training pathway. We highlight the clinical placement settings— an Intermediate, Level 2, Medical Care Unit and a Polyvalent Intensive Care Unit—and their valuable contribution to the acquisition and development of Master’s-level nursing competencies, as well as the Common Competencies of the Specialist Nurse and the Specific Competencies of the Specialist Nurse in Medical–Surgical Nursing within the field of Critical Care. From a conceptual standpoint, Rogers’ Theory of Vulnerability was adopted as the guiding framework for nursing thought, and the entire trajectory was underpinned by the Regulations governing the Common Competences of the Specialist Nurse in Nursing Care for the Person in Critical Condition, as well as by the Dublin Descriptors that frame the second cycle of studies leading to the degree of Master in Nursing.
Descrição
Relatório de Estágio para obtenção do grau de mestre na Escola Superior de Saúde Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Cuidados de enfermagem especializada Delirium Enfermagem médico-cirúrgica Pessoa em situação crítica
