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Publication
Inteligência artificial : uma nova realidade para a medicina dentária contemporânea
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| 1.92 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A inteligência artificial (IA) tem vindo a assumir um papel cada vez mais relevante na transformação digital da medicina dentária. Esta monografia apresenta uma revisão narrativa da literatura recente, com o objetivo de explorar as aplicações atuais e futuras da IA na prática clínica dentária, analisando as suas vantagens, limitações, desafios éticos e legais. Através da capacidade de processar grandes volumes de dados, reconhecer padrões complexos e apoiar a tomada de decisão, a IA tem vindo a demonstrar utilidade concreta em áreas como o diagnóstico de cáries, a radiologia dentária, a endodontia, a periodontologia, a implantologia, a ortodontia, a prótese, a medicina oral e a odontopediatria. Os algoritmos de machine learning e deep learning, nomeadamente as redes neuronais convolucionais (CNN), têm demonstrado elevada eficácia na análise de imagens clínicas e radiográficas, com desempenhos muitas vezes comparáveis aos dos especialistas humanos. Ferramentas baseadas em IA permitem, por exemplo, identificar lesões com elevada precisão, prever o sucesso de tratamentos, planear cirurgias e reabilitações, bem como automatizar tarefas clínicas e administrativas. Apesar do enorme potencial, a adoção da IA em medicina dentária ainda enfrenta desafios importantes, como a escassez de bases de dados clínicas robustas, a necessidade de validação científica dos modelos, a variabilidade na maturidade digital das clínicas e preocupações com a privacidade dos dados dos pacientes. Acrescem ainda considerações éticas sobre transparência algorítmica, responsabilidade em caso de erro e equidade no acesso às tecnologias. Esta revisão conclui que, apesar dos obstáculos, a IA representa uma das ferramentas mais promissoras para o futuro da medicina dentária, contribuindo para uma prática mais precisa, eficiente, personalizada e centrada no paciente. O seu desenvolvimento responsável e a formação contínua dos profissionais são fatores essenciais para garantir uma integração segura e ética destas tecnologias no contexto clínico real.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is playing an increasingly significant role in the digital transformation of dental medicine. This review presents an overview of recent literature, aiming to explore the current and future applications of AI in clinical dental practice, while analysing its benefits, limitations, and ethical and legal challenges. Through its ability to process large datasets, identify complex patterns, and support clinical decision-making, AI has shown clear utility in areas such as caries diagnosis, dental radiology, endodontics, periodontology, implantology, orthodontics, prosthodontics, oral medicine, and paediatric dentistry. Machine learning and deep learning algorithms — particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have demonstrated high accuracy in analysing clinical and radiographic images, often matching or surpassing human expert performance. AI tools now enable precise lesion detection, treatment planning, success prediction, and automation of both clinical and administrative tasks. Despite its great potential, the adoption of AI in dental medicine still faces major challenges, including the lack of robust and standardised clinical datasets, the need for thorough model validation, unequal digital maturity across dental settings, and patient data privacy concerns. Ethical issues such as algorithmic transparency, accountability, and equitable access to technology must also be addressed. It is concluded that, although obstacles remain, AI stands out as one of the most promising tools for the future of dentistry, supporting a more precise, efficient, personalised, and patient-centred approach. Responsible development and continuous professional education will be key to ensuring the safe and ethical integration of these technologies into clinical practice.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is playing an increasingly significant role in the digital transformation of dental medicine. This review presents an overview of recent literature, aiming to explore the current and future applications of AI in clinical dental practice, while analysing its benefits, limitations, and ethical and legal challenges. Through its ability to process large datasets, identify complex patterns, and support clinical decision-making, AI has shown clear utility in areas such as caries diagnosis, dental radiology, endodontics, periodontology, implantology, orthodontics, prosthodontics, oral medicine, and paediatric dentistry. Machine learning and deep learning algorithms — particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have demonstrated high accuracy in analysing clinical and radiographic images, often matching or surpassing human expert performance. AI tools now enable precise lesion detection, treatment planning, success prediction, and automation of both clinical and administrative tasks. Despite its great potential, the adoption of AI in dental medicine still faces major challenges, including the lack of robust and standardised clinical datasets, the need for thorough model validation, unequal digital maturity across dental settings, and patient data privacy concerns. Ethical issues such as algorithmic transparency, accountability, and equitable access to technology must also be addressed. It is concluded that, although obstacles remain, AI stands out as one of the most promising tools for the future of dentistry, supporting a more precise, efficient, personalised, and patient-centred approach. Responsible development and continuous professional education will be key to ensuring the safe and ethical integration of these technologies into clinical practice.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Inteligência artificial Dentisteria Medicina dentária digital Diagnóstico assistido por IA