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A segurança da pessoa vítima de trauma: Intervenção especializada do enfermeiro na gestão da hipotermia
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O trauma é uma das principais causas de mortalidade e morbilidade a nível
mundial, associada a uma diminuição da qualidade de vida dos indivíduos e cujos custos
relacionados são acrescidos. As taxas de sinistralidade imputada ao trauma em Portugal
são das maiores a nível europeu. A hipotermia associada aos restantes componentes da
tríade mortal de trauma aumenta exponencialmente a gravidade das lesões resultantes
do trauma.
Cuidar da pessoa vítima de trauma é altamente complexo e implica uma constante
atualização de conhecimentos e competências no que diz respeito à forma de atuação.
Assim o enfermeiro mestre em enfermagem na área de intervenção à pessoa em situação
crítica, mobiliza as suas experiências, a sua capacidade de vigilância na deteção precoce
e identificação de focos de instabilidade.
A segurança dos cuidados é algo fundamental para a excelência da prática de
cuidados e por isso, a vigilância e o raciocínio clínico do enfermeiro mestre assumem um
lugar central, garantindo ganhos em saúde tanto para as pessoas e suas famílias, como
para as instituições.
A corrente teórica que suporta a linha de pensamento deste relatório assenta na
estrutura do Modelo de Dreyfus de aquisição de competências adaptado por Benner
(2001) e na Teoria da Vigilância de Meyer e Lavin (2005), que reconhecem o impacto das
experiências prévias na construção de um conduto para a tomada de decisão
fundamentada.
O relatório visa a concretização do objetivo individual, desenvolver competências
especializadas de enfermagem na intervenção à pessoa vítima de trauma com
hipotermia. A concretização deste objetivo contemplou a realização do estágio em
diversos contextos de cuidados críticos conjugando com a última evidência resultante da
investigação sobre a temática. Os estudos reforçam a pertinência do tema, que se
constitui um desafio na prática de enfermagem em ambientes altamente desenvolvidos
e tecnológicos como os serviços de urgência e UCI, refletindo sobre o impacto e a
preponderância da intervenção especializada do enfermeiro especialista neste fator tão
mortífero.
Trauma is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, associated with a decrease in the life quality of individuals and whose related costs are increased. The rates of accidents attributed to trauma in Portugal are among the highest in Europe. Hypothermia associated with the remaining components of the deadly triad of trauma exponentially increases the severity of injuries resulting from trauma. Caring for the victim of trauma is highly complex and implies a constant updating of knowledge and skills regarding how to act. Thus, nurses with a master's degree in nursing in the area of intervention for people in critical situations mobilize their experiences, their capacity for vigilance in the early detection and identification of foci of instability. The safety of care is critical to the excellence of care practice. In this sense, surveillance and the clinical reasoning of the master nurse assume a central place, ensuring health gains for people, families and institutions. The theoretical current that underlies the report's line of thought is based on the structure of the Dreyfus Model of competence acquisition adapted by Benner (2001) and on the Vigilance Theory of Meyer and Lavin (2005), which recognize the impact of previous experiences in the construction of a conduit for informed decision-making. The report aims to achieve the individual objective, to develop specialized nursing skills in the intervention of the person who is a victim of trauma with hypothermia. The achievement of this objective included the realization of the internship in various critical care contexts, combined with the latest evidence resulting from the research on the subject. The studies reinforce the relevance of the theme, which is a challenge in nursing practice in highly developed and technological environments such as emergency and ICU services, reflecting on the impact and preponderance of the intervention of specialist nurses in this deadly factor.
Trauma is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, associated with a decrease in the life quality of individuals and whose related costs are increased. The rates of accidents attributed to trauma in Portugal are among the highest in Europe. Hypothermia associated with the remaining components of the deadly triad of trauma exponentially increases the severity of injuries resulting from trauma. Caring for the victim of trauma is highly complex and implies a constant updating of knowledge and skills regarding how to act. Thus, nurses with a master's degree in nursing in the area of intervention for people in critical situations mobilize their experiences, their capacity for vigilance in the early detection and identification of foci of instability. The safety of care is critical to the excellence of care practice. In this sense, surveillance and the clinical reasoning of the master nurse assume a central place, ensuring health gains for people, families and institutions. The theoretical current that underlies the report's line of thought is based on the structure of the Dreyfus Model of competence acquisition adapted by Benner (2001) and on the Vigilance Theory of Meyer and Lavin (2005), which recognize the impact of previous experiences in the construction of a conduit for informed decision-making. The report aims to achieve the individual objective, to develop specialized nursing skills in the intervention of the person who is a victim of trauma with hypothermia. The achievement of this objective included the realization of the internship in various critical care contexts, combined with the latest evidence resulting from the research on the subject. The studies reinforce the relevance of the theme, which is a challenge in nursing practice in highly developed and technological environments such as emergency and ICU services, reflecting on the impact and preponderance of the intervention of specialist nurses in this deadly factor.
Description
Keywords
Cuidados críticos Cuidados de enfermagem Ferimentos e lesões Hipotermia