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Cuidados de enfermagem especializados à pessoa em situação crítica: dos cuidados emergentes aos cuidados ao doente hematológico com neutropénia
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Abstract(s)
O presente relatório insere-se no plano de estudos do 3º Curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica da Escola Superior de Enfermagem de São José de Cluny e descreve o percurso de aprendizagem clínica realizado em três unidades curriculares de ensino clínico, designadamente, Ensino Clínico I (Urgência), Ensino Clínico II (Cuidados Intensivos) e Ensino Clínico III - Opção (Unidade de Neutropénia) do Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça. Nele se apresenta uma análise reflexiva do desenvolvimento de competências comuns do enfermeiro especialista e competências específicas do enfermeiro especialista em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica, à pessoa em situação crítica, realçando a importância de uma prática fundamentada pelo conhecimento científico, sustentada nos princípios e valores da Profissão de Enfermagem. A sua apresentação e discussão pública visam a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica.
Neste âmbito, pretendeu-se documentar a aquisição e desenvolvimento de competências nas áreas de domínios da responsabilidade profissional, ética e legal; da melhoria contínua da qualidade; da gestão dos cuidados; do desenvolvimento das aprendizagens profissionais, bem como na área do cuidar da pessoa, família/cuidador a vivenciar processos complexos de doença crítica e/ou falência orgânica; dinamizar a resposta a situações de emergência, exceção e catástrofe, da conceção à ação e maximizar a prevenção, intervenção e controlo da infeção e de resistência a antimicrobianos perante a pessoa em situação crítica e/ou falência orgânica, face à complexidade da situação e à necessidade de respostas em tempo útil e adequadas, nos dois primeiros contextos clínicos ao doente crítico em geral, dando ênfase posteriormente ao doente hematológico com neutropénia, considerando-o e justificando-o como doente crítico com necessidades de cuidados altamente diferenciados, exigindo cuidados de enfermagem especializados.
Alude-se ainda que, o desenvolvimento das competências de Especialista em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica permitem dar resposta às competências requeridas ao grau de Mestre, conforme plasmado no Decreto-Lei nº 65/2018.
Assim, poderá concluir-se que o Curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem Médico- Cirúrgica, surgiu como uma oportunidade de crescimento pessoal e profissional através da procura do conhecimento científico no qual fundamentar a prática, permitindo o desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento do pensamento crítico e o mobilizar dos conhecimentos
para responder às necessidades de saúde da pessoa e família em situação crítica, em particular do doente hematológico em risco ou com neutropénia.
This report is part of the study plan of the 3rd Master's Course in Medical-Surgical Nursing of the Escola Superior de Enfermagem de São José de Cluny and describes the clinical learning path carried out in three curricular units of clinical teaching, namely, Clinical Teaching I (Urgency), Clinical Teaching II (Intensive Care) and Clinical Teaching III - Option (Neutropenic Unit) of the Dr. Nélio Mendonça Hospital. It presents a reflexive analysis of the development of common competencies of the specialist nurse and specific competencies of the nurse specialized in Medical-Surgical Nursing, to the person in critical situation, highlighting the importance of a practice based on scientific knowledge, based on the principles and values of the Nursing Profession. Its presentation and public discussion aim to obtain the degree of Master in Medical-Surgical Nursing. In this context, it was intended to document the acquisition and development of competencies in the areas of professional, ethical and legal responsibility; continuous quality improvement; care management; the development of professional learning, as well as in the area of caring for the person, family/caregiver to experience complex processes of critical disease and/or organ failure; streamline the response to emergencies, exception and disaster, from conception to action and maximize prevention, intervention and control of infection and antimicrobial resistance on the person in critical situation and/or organ failure, in view of the complexity of the situation and the need for timely and adequate responses, in the first two clinical contexts of the critically ill patient in general, later emphasizing the hematological patient with neutropenia, considering him as a critical patient with highly differentiated care needs, requiring specialized nursing care. It is also alluded that the development of the competencies of the Specialist in Medical-Surgical Nursing respond to the competencies required of the master's degree, as set out in Decree-Law No. 65/2018. Thus, it can be concluded that the Master's Course in Medical-Surgical Nursing emerged as an opportunity for personal and professional growth through the search for scientific knowledge on which to base the practice, allowing the development and improvement of critical thinking and the mobilization of knowledge to respond to the health needs of the person and family in a critical situation, in particular of the hematological patient at risk or with neutropenia.
This report is part of the study plan of the 3rd Master's Course in Medical-Surgical Nursing of the Escola Superior de Enfermagem de São José de Cluny and describes the clinical learning path carried out in three curricular units of clinical teaching, namely, Clinical Teaching I (Urgency), Clinical Teaching II (Intensive Care) and Clinical Teaching III - Option (Neutropenic Unit) of the Dr. Nélio Mendonça Hospital. It presents a reflexive analysis of the development of common competencies of the specialist nurse and specific competencies of the nurse specialized in Medical-Surgical Nursing, to the person in critical situation, highlighting the importance of a practice based on scientific knowledge, based on the principles and values of the Nursing Profession. Its presentation and public discussion aim to obtain the degree of Master in Medical-Surgical Nursing. In this context, it was intended to document the acquisition and development of competencies in the areas of professional, ethical and legal responsibility; continuous quality improvement; care management; the development of professional learning, as well as in the area of caring for the person, family/caregiver to experience complex processes of critical disease and/or organ failure; streamline the response to emergencies, exception and disaster, from conception to action and maximize prevention, intervention and control of infection and antimicrobial resistance on the person in critical situation and/or organ failure, in view of the complexity of the situation and the need for timely and adequate responses, in the first two clinical contexts of the critically ill patient in general, later emphasizing the hematological patient with neutropenia, considering him as a critical patient with highly differentiated care needs, requiring specialized nursing care. It is also alluded that the development of the competencies of the Specialist in Medical-Surgical Nursing respond to the competencies required of the master's degree, as set out in Decree-Law No. 65/2018. Thus, it can be concluded that the Master's Course in Medical-Surgical Nursing emerged as an opportunity for personal and professional growth through the search for scientific knowledge on which to base the practice, allowing the development and improvement of critical thinking and the mobilization of knowledge to respond to the health needs of the person and family in a critical situation, in particular of the hematological patient at risk or with neutropenia.
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Keywords
Enfermagem médico-cirúrgica Pessoa em situação crítica Enfermagem em urgência Neutropenia