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Publication
Promoção do autocuidado como intervenção psicoterapêutica em adolescentes com perturbação do comportamento alimentar
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| 1.6 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O presente relatório de estágio, tem como objetivo descrever de forma reflexiva e crítica como
foram desenvolvidas as competências relativas ao grau de mestre e adquiridas as competências comuns
de enfermeiro especialista e as competências específicas na área da enfermagem em Saúde Mental e
Psiquiátrica.
As perturbações do comportamento alimentar tornaram-se, desde há alguns anos, alvo de intensas
pesquisas pelo aumento da sua incidência em adolescentes e jovens adultos. Neste relatório é dado
ênfase à anorexia nervosa, particularmente numa adolescente em situação de crise em contexto de
internamento. Esta perturbação grave do comportamento alimentar é complexa, desafiante e coloca em
risco a vida de quem dela padece pelo que necessita de uma intervenção multidisciplinar. Os
enfermeiros especialistas em saúde mental e psiquiátrica, que organizam os cuidados a partir do millieu
terapêutico e estando presentes durante as 24h do dia com estes adolescentes encontram-se numa
posição privilegiada para promover o autocuidado como intervenção psicoterapêutica.
De forma a enquadrar a promoção do autocuidado como intervenção psicoterapêutica, optei por
abraçar dois modelos teóricos: o modelo teórico de Dorothea Orem, a Teoria do Défice de Auto-
Cuidado na Enfermagem, visto esta ser a teórica que melhor sustenta a promoção do autocuidado,
nomeadamente, quando este se encontra condicionado pelo estado de saúde da pessoa, existindo um
défice na sua ação de autocuidado e o modelo teórico de Jean Watson, a Enfermagem a Filosofia e a
Ciência do Cuidar, onde prevalece um sistema humanístico de valores que se traduz na importância da
autonomia, da liberdade de escolha, no autoconhecimento e no autocontrole da pessoa.
O percurso desenvolvido durante o estágio em ambulatório e o estágio em internamento foi,
repleto de partilhas e de experiências de aprendizagem, pelo que possibilitaram alcançar os objetivos
almejados inicialmente em projeto de estágio. A aplicação da Escala GAIA (adaptada), proporcionou a
avaliação quantitativa da promoção do autocuidado, que se traduziu na observação de ganhos
qualitativos em saúde significativos para a adolescente com perturbação do comportamento alimentar,
após a intervenção psicoterapêutica do EESMP proposto por Sampaio, Araújo, Sequeira, Lluch-Canut
& Martins (2018).
This report aims to reflectively and critically describe how the specific skills related to the master’s degree and specialist in the area of Mental and Psychiatric Health Nursing were acquired and developed. Over the last few years, eating disorders have become the subject of intense research due to their increasing incidence in teenagers and young adults particularly in teenagers on a crisis situation in context of hospitalization. This report emphasizes anorexia nervosa, which is a serious, complex, challenging disorder that puts the lives of those who suffer from it at risk and requires multidisciplinary intervention. The mental health specialist nurses, who organize care from the therapeutic millieu and being present during present 24 hours a day with these adolescents is in a privileged position to promote self-care as a psychotherapeutic intervention. In order to frame the promotion of self-care as a psychotherapeutic intervention, I chose to embrace two theoretical models: Dorothea Orem theoretical model, the Self-Care Deficit. Theory in Nursing, since this is the theory that best supports the promotion of self-care, namely, when this is conditioned by the person’s state of health, with a deficit in its self-care action and the Jean Watson theoretical model Nursing, Philosophy and the Science of Caring, where a humanistic system of values prevails, which translates into the importance of autonomy, freedom of choice, self-knowledge and selfcontrol. The path developed during the outpatient internship and inpatient internship was full of sharing and learning experiences, which made it possible to achieve the objectives initially proposed in the internship project. The application of the (adapted) GAIA scale provided a quantitative assessment to promotion of self-care, which resulted in the observation of significant qualitative gains in health for the adolescent with behavioral disorder, after implementing the EESMP psychotherapeutic intervention model proposed by Sampaio, Araújo, Sequeira, Lluch-Canut & Martins (2018).
This report aims to reflectively and critically describe how the specific skills related to the master’s degree and specialist in the area of Mental and Psychiatric Health Nursing were acquired and developed. Over the last few years, eating disorders have become the subject of intense research due to their increasing incidence in teenagers and young adults particularly in teenagers on a crisis situation in context of hospitalization. This report emphasizes anorexia nervosa, which is a serious, complex, challenging disorder that puts the lives of those who suffer from it at risk and requires multidisciplinary intervention. The mental health specialist nurses, who organize care from the therapeutic millieu and being present during present 24 hours a day with these adolescents is in a privileged position to promote self-care as a psychotherapeutic intervention. In order to frame the promotion of self-care as a psychotherapeutic intervention, I chose to embrace two theoretical models: Dorothea Orem theoretical model, the Self-Care Deficit. Theory in Nursing, since this is the theory that best supports the promotion of self-care, namely, when this is conditioned by the person’s state of health, with a deficit in its self-care action and the Jean Watson theoretical model Nursing, Philosophy and the Science of Caring, where a humanistic system of values prevails, which translates into the importance of autonomy, freedom of choice, self-knowledge and selfcontrol. The path developed during the outpatient internship and inpatient internship was full of sharing and learning experiences, which made it possible to achieve the objectives initially proposed in the internship project. The application of the (adapted) GAIA scale provided a quantitative assessment to promotion of self-care, which resulted in the observation of significant qualitative gains in health for the adolescent with behavioral disorder, after implementing the EESMP psychotherapeutic intervention model proposed by Sampaio, Araújo, Sequeira, Lluch-Canut & Martins (2018).
Description
Keywords
Enfermagem psiquiátrica Autocuidado Processos psicoterapêuticos Adolescente Transtornos da alimentação e da ingestão de alimentos