Loading...
Publication
The effect of the drug dependence in the oral cavity
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.15 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Atualmente, o consumo de substâncias ilícitas como a cocaína, crack, ecstasy, heroína entre outros, tem aumentado em todo o mundo. A dependência destas substâncias é vista como uma doença crónica, com fases de libertação e fases de recaída. Nestes comportamentos de dependência há um envolvimento dos ciclos cerebrais, o que levará a mudanças no comportamento que poderão ter impacto na saúde oral. Muitas vezes é complicado para estes doentes abandonarem o vício por causa do craving. O craving é o
desejo de repetir a experiência em função dos efeitos de uma dada substância. Todas as faixas etárias são afetadas por estes comportamentos de adição, havendo uma considerável prevalência entre os jovens. São várias as consequências destes comportamentos na cavidade oral, podendo o seu efeito ser devastador.
O médico dentista tem um papel importante na prevenção deste tipo de comportamentos, assim como na deteção precoce das consequências do uso deste tipo de substâncias. Vários são os tecidos moles e duros a nível oral que são afetados pelo seu uso. Entre eles destacam-se os lábios, dentes, tecidos de suporte periodontal, língua, palato mole e duro. Bruxismo, periodontite, lesões de cárie, úlceras e lesões traumáticas
na língua são um conjunto de sinais e sintomas que podem estar associados a este tipo de consumo. Os tratamentos envolvidos vão desde a reabilitação dentária, reabilitação protética ou mesmo intervenções cirúrgicas. Também é importante ter em consideração que por vezes estes pacientes não terminam o tratamento devido a recaídas, estilo de vida ou falta de meios. Além disso, alguns procedimentos dentários podem estar contraindicados ou condicionados neste tipo de pacientes, sendo importante o clínico conhecer
as especificidades da abordagem deste tipo de pacientes.
Para realizar esta revisão narrativa, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica utilizando-se as plataformas de computadores da literatura científica Pub-Med, SciELO, Medline e Cochrane. A pesquisa foi realizada em português, francês e inglês.
Nowadays, the consumption of illicit substances such as cocaine, crack, ecstasy, heroin among others, has increased worldwide. Dependence on these substances is seen as a chronic disease, with phases of release and relapse. In these addiction behaviors there is an involvement of the brain cycles, which will lead to changes in behavior that may have an impact on oral health. It is often difficult for these patients to give up addiction because of craving. Craving is the desire to repeat the experience according to the effects of a given substance. All age groups are affected by these addiction behaviors, with a considerable prevalence among young people. There are several consequences of these behaviors in the oral cavity, and their effect can be devastating. The dentist has an important role in the prevention of this type of behavior, as well as in the early detection of the consequences of the use of this type of substances. Several soft and hard oral tissues are affected by its use. Among them stand out the lips, teeth, periodontal support tissues, tongue, soft and hard palate. Bruxism, periodontitis, caries lesions, ulcers and traumatic lesions on the tongue are a set of signs and symptoms that may be associated with this type of consumption. The treatments involved range from dental rehabilitation, prosthetic rehabilitation or even surgical interventions. It is also important to bear in mind that sometimes these patients do not finish treatment due to relapses, lifestyle or lack of resources. In addition, some dental procedures may be contraindicated or conditioned in this type of patients, and it is important that the clinician knows the specificities of the approach of this type of patients. To carry out this narrative review, a bibliographical search was carried out using the scientific literature computer platforms Pub-Med, SciELO, Medline and Cochrane. The research was carried out in Portuguese, French and English.
Nowadays, the consumption of illicit substances such as cocaine, crack, ecstasy, heroin among others, has increased worldwide. Dependence on these substances is seen as a chronic disease, with phases of release and relapse. In these addiction behaviors there is an involvement of the brain cycles, which will lead to changes in behavior that may have an impact on oral health. It is often difficult for these patients to give up addiction because of craving. Craving is the desire to repeat the experience according to the effects of a given substance. All age groups are affected by these addiction behaviors, with a considerable prevalence among young people. There are several consequences of these behaviors in the oral cavity, and their effect can be devastating. The dentist has an important role in the prevention of this type of behavior, as well as in the early detection of the consequences of the use of this type of substances. Several soft and hard oral tissues are affected by its use. Among them stand out the lips, teeth, periodontal support tissues, tongue, soft and hard palate. Bruxism, periodontitis, caries lesions, ulcers and traumatic lesions on the tongue are a set of signs and symptoms that may be associated with this type of consumption. The treatments involved range from dental rehabilitation, prosthetic rehabilitation or even surgical interventions. It is also important to bear in mind that sometimes these patients do not finish treatment due to relapses, lifestyle or lack of resources. In addition, some dental procedures may be contraindicated or conditioned in this type of patients, and it is important that the clinician knows the specificities of the approach of this type of patients. To carry out this narrative review, a bibliographical search was carried out using the scientific literature computer platforms Pub-Med, SciELO, Medline and Cochrane. The research was carried out in Portuguese, French and English.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Saúde oral Dependência Drogas ilícitas Doença periodontal