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Monitorização de resíduos de antibióticos em aves de capoeira : relação com a resistência bacteriana e impacto nos humanos
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A resistência aos antimicrobianos (RAM) constitui uma das maiores ameaças à saúde pública global, estando associada ao aumento da mortalidade, à limitação de opções terapêuticas e a elevados custos sociais e económicos. O uso inadequado de antibióticos, tanto em medicina humana como em produção animal, desempenha um papel central neste fenómeno, ao exercer pressão seletiva sobre as populações bacterianas e favorecer a disseminação de estirpes resistentes. Na avicultura, setor de particular importância económica e alimentar em Portugal, a utilização de antibióticos, sobretudo em sistemas de produção intensiva, pode originar resíduos em carne e outros produtos de origem animal. Estes resíduos, quando acima dos Limites Máximos de Resíduos (LMR), podem ter efeitos diretos, como reações alérgicas e toxicidade, e efeitos indiretos, como a promoção da resistência bacteriana, com repercussões significativas para a saúde humana.
Com o intuito de contribuir para a monitorização desta problemática, realizou-se um estudo piloto centrado na deteção de resíduos de antibióticos em carne de aves comercializada em Lisboa. Foram analisadas 20 amostras através do teste microbiológico Premi®Test 25 (R-Biopharm AG), adequado como método de triagem. Os resultados não evidenciaram resíduos de antibióticos em níveis detetáveis, sugerindo conformidade com a legislação vigente. Apesar da limitação do número de amostras e do caráter qualitativo do método, o estudo reforça a importância de manter a vigilância contínua e de desenvolver investigações de maior escala que integrem metodologias quantitativas. A RAM deve ser encarada como um problema transversal que exige uma resposta coordenada, enquadrada na abordagem One Health, envolvendo simultaneamente saúde humana, saúde animal e ambiente. A monitorização sistemática de resíduos em alimentos de origem animal, associada a políticas de uso prudente de antibióticos, é essencial para garantir a segurança alimentar e preservar a eficácia destes fármacos no futuro.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest threats to global public health, being associated with increased mortality, limited therapeutic options, and substantial social and economic costs. The inappropriate use of antibiotics, both in human medicine and in animal production, plays a central role in this phenomenon by exerting selective pressure on bacterial populations and promoting the spread of resistant strains. In poultry farming, a sector of particular economic and nutritional importance in Portugal, the use of antibiotics, especially in intensive production systems, may lead to residues in meat and other animal-derived products. When exceeding Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs), these residues can have direct effects, such as allergic reactions and toxicity, as well as indirect effects, such as the promotion of bacterial resistance, with significant implications for human health. To contribute to the monitoring of this issue, a pilot study was carried out focusing on the detection of antibiotic residues in poultry meat marketed in Lisbon. A total of 20 samples were analyzed using the microbiological Premi®Test 25 (R-Biopharm AG), a method suitable for screening purposes. The results showed no detectable antibiotic residues, suggesting compliance with current legislation. Despite the limitations regarding the number of samples and the qualitative nature of the method, the study highlights the importance of continuous surveillance and the need for larger-scale investigations incorporating quantitative methodologies. In conclusion, AMR must be regarded as a cross-cutting problem that requires a coordinated response framed within the One Health approach, involving human health, animal health, and the environment. Systematic monitoring of residues in animal-derived foods, combined with prudent antibiotic use policies, is essential to ensure food safety and preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in the future.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest threats to global public health, being associated with increased mortality, limited therapeutic options, and substantial social and economic costs. The inappropriate use of antibiotics, both in human medicine and in animal production, plays a central role in this phenomenon by exerting selective pressure on bacterial populations and promoting the spread of resistant strains. In poultry farming, a sector of particular economic and nutritional importance in Portugal, the use of antibiotics, especially in intensive production systems, may lead to residues in meat and other animal-derived products. When exceeding Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs), these residues can have direct effects, such as allergic reactions and toxicity, as well as indirect effects, such as the promotion of bacterial resistance, with significant implications for human health. To contribute to the monitoring of this issue, a pilot study was carried out focusing on the detection of antibiotic residues in poultry meat marketed in Lisbon. A total of 20 samples were analyzed using the microbiological Premi®Test 25 (R-Biopharm AG), a method suitable for screening purposes. The results showed no detectable antibiotic residues, suggesting compliance with current legislation. Despite the limitations regarding the number of samples and the qualitative nature of the method, the study highlights the importance of continuous surveillance and the need for larger-scale investigations incorporating quantitative methodologies. In conclusion, AMR must be regarded as a cross-cutting problem that requires a coordinated response framed within the One Health approach, involving human health, animal health, and the environment. Systematic monitoring of residues in animal-derived foods, combined with prudent antibiotic use policies, is essential to ensure food safety and preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in the future.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Resistência bacteriana Resíduos de antibióticos Aves Saúde