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PRINCIPAIS INCUMPRIMENTOS NA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DAS MEDIDAS DE AUTOPROTEÇÃO EM EDIFÍCIOS ESCOLARES
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As medidas de autoproteção (MAp) enquanto conjunto de procedimentos
organizados que promovem a redução do risco de incêndio em edifícios, tendo em vista
a preservação da vida humana, património, bens e ambiente, são uma exigência
regulamentar em vigor desde 1 de janeiro de 2009. O histórico de ocorrências de
incêndio demonstra a incidência causal do comportamento humano. Tais factos
motivam o apuramento dos principais incumprimentos na implementação das MAp,
observados ao dia de hoje, passados mais de 10 anos desde esta exigência legal. Os
indicadores obtidos em inquéritos direcionados aos responsáveis de estabelecimentos
escolares com MAp elaboradas, determinam como principal incumprimento a ausência
de formação em SCIE exigível a todos os funcionários. Quanto às causas dos
incumprimentos, identificam a falta de meios humanos com tempo e conhecimento e a
falta de meios financeiros. Concomitantemente, os responsáveis de estabelecimentos
escolares sem MAp elaboradas assinalam ainda a falta de pressão inspetiva pela ANEPC
nas causas prováveis.
O desconhecimento, a falta de perceção do risco e das responsabilidades por parte
dos principais atores na prevenção e redução do risco de incêndio em escolas, fragiliza
a capacidade de atuar assertivamente em caso de incêndio. O comportamento humano
é influenciado significativamente pelas características particulares de cada indivíduo, do
edifício e da situação de emergência em si. Formação e sensibilização em SCIE são
elementos chave de investimento para fomentar o cumprimento da implementação das
MAp, bem como são oportunidades de melhoria para aumentar a resiliência dos
ocupantes do edificado escolar. Em particular, a formação de Responsáveis e Delegados
de Segurança deve ser certificada. As ações de sensibilização estão em destaque para a
aplicação eficaz de conhecimento obtido em formações. O ajuste nas coimas e a sua
aplicação com reforço na pressão inspetiva para o seu cumprimento são o caminho para
reduzir a não implementação de MAp.
Self-protection measures (MAp) are a set of organized procedures created to reduce the risk of fire in buildings. It aims to preserve the human life, heritage, goods and the environment, as from the regulatory requirement since the 1st of January 2009. The history of the fire outbreaks shows the cause trend in the human behavior. Such facts prompt to acknowledge the main linked failures in the execution of the self-protection measures, nowadays and after 10 years from the regulatory requirement. The figures achieved from surveys applied to the ones responsible for scholar buildings with selfprotection measures designed, reflects que main failure as the lack of training in fire safety demanded to all the employees. In the matters of causes of those failures, it was possible to identify the lack of human resources with time to spend and with the right knowledge, as the lack of financial resources. Alongside, the ones responsible for scholar buildings without self-protection measures designed, highlight the lack of inspection pressure from ANEPC as the possible cause. The ignorance, the lack of risk perception and the responsibilities of the main actors in prevention matters and reduction of the fire risk in scholar buildings, weakens the ability to perform assertively in case a fire. The human behavior is strongly influenced by each individual’s characteristics, by the type of building and by the emergency situation itself. Training and awareness in fire safety matters are both key elements to invest towards the observance of the self-protection measures execution, as well as are an opportunity to increase the resilience of all scholar building occupants. Notably, the training for the responsible of the school building and the safety officer must be qualified. Awareness actions are highlighted to make the training given applied in a more effectively manner. The adjustment of the fines involved and its execution, along with the effort in the inspective pressure towards the observance are the path to reduce the amount of scholar buildings without self-protection measures put in place
Self-protection measures (MAp) are a set of organized procedures created to reduce the risk of fire in buildings. It aims to preserve the human life, heritage, goods and the environment, as from the regulatory requirement since the 1st of January 2009. The history of the fire outbreaks shows the cause trend in the human behavior. Such facts prompt to acknowledge the main linked failures in the execution of the self-protection measures, nowadays and after 10 years from the regulatory requirement. The figures achieved from surveys applied to the ones responsible for scholar buildings with selfprotection measures designed, reflects que main failure as the lack of training in fire safety demanded to all the employees. In the matters of causes of those failures, it was possible to identify the lack of human resources with time to spend and with the right knowledge, as the lack of financial resources. Alongside, the ones responsible for scholar buildings without self-protection measures designed, highlight the lack of inspection pressure from ANEPC as the possible cause. The ignorance, the lack of risk perception and the responsibilities of the main actors in prevention matters and reduction of the fire risk in scholar buildings, weakens the ability to perform assertively in case a fire. The human behavior is strongly influenced by each individual’s characteristics, by the type of building and by the emergency situation itself. Training and awareness in fire safety matters are both key elements to invest towards the observance of the self-protection measures execution, as well as are an opportunity to increase the resilience of all scholar building occupants. Notably, the training for the responsible of the school building and the safety officer must be qualified. Awareness actions are highlighted to make the training given applied in a more effectively manner. The adjustment of the fines involved and its execution, along with the effort in the inspective pressure towards the observance are the path to reduce the amount of scholar buildings without self-protection measures put in place
Description
Keywords
Implementação, medidas de autoproteção, risco de incêndio em edifícios, incumprimentos, causas, formação e sensibilização, proteção civil Execution, self-protection measures, fire risk in, failures, causes, training and awareness, civil protection