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A prova do crime de associação criminosa:una análise jurisprudencial crítica
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Abstract(s)
O crime de associação criminosa surgiu como uma das medidas em resposta ao crescente fenómeno da criminalidade organizada. A perigosidade intrínseca a uma atuação em grupo resulta não só da maior eficácia que a mesma permite, mas também do facto de se verificar dentro do grupo um corte com os valores e regras da sociedade, redundando numa atitude de indiferença para com os mesmos. A existência destas associações, vem a refletir-se negativamente na vida em comunidade, urgindo que seja travado este fenómeno e mais severamente punida esta tendência.
Para que se verifique este tipo de crime deverá existir uma associação que se revela através um pacto, mais ou menos explícito, entre três ou mais pessoas, durante um período temporal que se pretende tendencialmente estável e duradouro, com o fim da prática de crimes.
No entanto, na passagem da teoria à prática, da lei ao pleito, novos problemas surgem relativamente à interpretação de conceitos e à prova conseguida, existindo uma enorme divergência de números entre acusações e condenações.
Por um lado, pretende-se evitar a hipercriminalização e uma atitude persecutória injusta por parte do direito penal, mas por outro, estreita-se de tal forma a interpretação dos conceitos que acaba por se criar padrões de prova de tal forma exigentes que, além de extravasarem o sentido da lei, dificilmente se conseguem integrar.
The criminal association crime has emerged as one of the measures in response to the growing phenomenon of organized crime. The intrinsic danger of a group performance results, not only from the greater effectiveness it allows, but also from the fact that within the group there is a cut with the values and rules of the society, resulting in an attitude of indifference towards them. The existence of these associations is reflected negatively in community life, urging for this phenomenon to be stoped and more severely punished. This crime requires an association, that is revealed through a more or less explicit pact, between three or more persons, during a period of time that tends to be stable and lasting, with the aim of committing crimes. However, in the transition from theory to practice, from law to litigation, new problems arise related to the interpretation of concepts and the evidences obtained, resulting in a big gap of numbers between accusations and convictions. On one hand, it is intended to avoid hypercriminalization and an unjust prosecution by criminal law, but on the other, the interpretation of concepts is narrowed in such a way as to create so demanding standards of proof that, besides going beyond the meaning of the law, it can hardly be integrated.
The criminal association crime has emerged as one of the measures in response to the growing phenomenon of organized crime. The intrinsic danger of a group performance results, not only from the greater effectiveness it allows, but also from the fact that within the group there is a cut with the values and rules of the society, resulting in an attitude of indifference towards them. The existence of these associations is reflected negatively in community life, urging for this phenomenon to be stoped and more severely punished. This crime requires an association, that is revealed through a more or less explicit pact, between three or more persons, during a period of time that tends to be stable and lasting, with the aim of committing crimes. However, in the transition from theory to practice, from law to litigation, new problems arise related to the interpretation of concepts and the evidences obtained, resulting in a big gap of numbers between accusations and convictions. On one hand, it is intended to avoid hypercriminalization and an unjust prosecution by criminal law, but on the other, the interpretation of concepts is narrowed in such a way as to create so demanding standards of proof that, besides going beyond the meaning of the law, it can hardly be integrated.
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Keywords
Associação criminosa Perigosidade Prova Indícios Escopo criminoso Vontade superior Estabilidade e permanência