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Comportamento fenológico e produtivo de cinco variedades de oliveira portuguesas na região de Elvas
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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo fazer o acompanhamento, entre setembro de 2017 e julho de 2018, da fenologia de 5 variedades de oliveiras tradicionais portuguesas (‘Azeiteira’, ‘Blanqueta’, ‘Carrasquenha de Elvas’, ‘Cobrançosa’, ‘Galega vulgar’) em 7 olivais distribuídos por 3 localizações nos concelhos de Elvas, Campo Maior e Monforte.
O início do abrolhamento nos olivais em estudo, assinalado pelo estado BBCH 51, estendeu-se por mais de 30 dias; de 22 de fevereiro de 2018 (‘Galega vulgar’ e ‘Azeiteira’ em Monforte) a 01 de abril (‘Blanqueta’ em Campo Maior). A entrada em floração (estado BBCH 60) decorreu num intervalo de apenas 10 dias, entre 14 de maio (‘Cobrançosa’ em Elvas) e 24 de maio (‘Cobrançosa’ em Monforte), com as restantes variedades a iniciar a floração a 19 ou a 21 de maio. A duração do período de floração variou, consoante a variedade e local, entre 07 e 17 dias. Comparativamente com o ano de 2017, todas as parcelas entraram em floração bastante mais tarde (mais 2 a 4 semanas, consoante a variedade e local) e o período de floração foi mais curto (entre 13 e 21 dias, em 2018). A maioria das variedades também necessitaram de mais tempo para alcançar o estado BBCH 75 (endurecimento do endocarpo) em 2018.
Como seria de esperar, a intensidade floral foi maior nas variedades/olivais com menor produção de azeitona no ano anterior, variando entre 1,9 e 5,8.
A taxa de vingamento foi elevada em todas as variedades (> 4% e até 8%), à exceção da variedade ‘Carrasquenha’ em Campo Maior, com apenas 1,3%. A disponibilidade de água no solo e as temperaturas moderadas poderão ter contribuído para estes resultados muito superiores aos registados em 2017.
Os resultados obtidos demonstraram claramente existir variabilidade inter-anual nas variedades em estudo, o que é muito importante para fazer face às alterações climáticas. No entanto, para confirmar o seu comportamento diferenciado é necessário repetir por mais campanhas esta avaliação fenológica.
This study objective was to monitor the phenology of 5 traditional Portuguese olive cultivars ('Azeiteira', 'Blanqueta', 'Carrasquenha de Elvas', 'Cobrançosa', 'Galega vulgar' ') in 7 olive groves distributed in 3 locations in the municipalities of Elvas, Campo Maior and Monforte. In the olive groves under study budding, marked by stage BBCH 51, extended for more than 30 days; from February 22, 2018 ('Galega vulgar' and 'Azeiteira' in Monforte) to April 1st ('Blanqueta' in Campo Maior). Flowering (stage BBCH 60) took place in a range of 10 days, between May 14 ('Cobrançosa' in Elvas) and May 24 ('Cobrançosa' in Monforte), with the remaining varieties beginning to flower at 19 or on May 21. The duration of the flowering period varied, depending on the variety and location, between 07 and 17 days. Compared to 2017, all plots were in bloom much later (2 to 4 weeks, depending on the variety and location) and the flowering period was shorter (between 13 and 21 days in 2018). Most varieties also required more time to reach stage BBCH 75 (endocarp hardening) in 2018. As expected, flower intensity was higher in the varieties/olive groves with lower olive production in the previous year, varying between 1,9 and 5,8. Fruit set rate was high in all varieties (> 4% and up to 8%), with the exception of the ‘Carrasquenha’ variety in Campo Maior, with only 1,3%. Water availability in the soil and the moderate temperatures may have contributed to the much higher results in 2018 than those recorded in 2017. The obtained results clearly demonstrated inter-annual variability in the varieties under study, which is very important to cope with climate change. However, to confirm its differentiated behavior it is necessary to repeat this phenological evaluation for more campaigns.
This study objective was to monitor the phenology of 5 traditional Portuguese olive cultivars ('Azeiteira', 'Blanqueta', 'Carrasquenha de Elvas', 'Cobrançosa', 'Galega vulgar' ') in 7 olive groves distributed in 3 locations in the municipalities of Elvas, Campo Maior and Monforte. In the olive groves under study budding, marked by stage BBCH 51, extended for more than 30 days; from February 22, 2018 ('Galega vulgar' and 'Azeiteira' in Monforte) to April 1st ('Blanqueta' in Campo Maior). Flowering (stage BBCH 60) took place in a range of 10 days, between May 14 ('Cobrançosa' in Elvas) and May 24 ('Cobrançosa' in Monforte), with the remaining varieties beginning to flower at 19 or on May 21. The duration of the flowering period varied, depending on the variety and location, between 07 and 17 days. Compared to 2017, all plots were in bloom much later (2 to 4 weeks, depending on the variety and location) and the flowering period was shorter (between 13 and 21 days in 2018). Most varieties also required more time to reach stage BBCH 75 (endocarp hardening) in 2018. As expected, flower intensity was higher in the varieties/olive groves with lower olive production in the previous year, varying between 1,9 and 5,8. Fruit set rate was high in all varieties (> 4% and up to 8%), with the exception of the ‘Carrasquenha’ variety in Campo Maior, with only 1,3%. Water availability in the soil and the moderate temperatures may have contributed to the much higher results in 2018 than those recorded in 2017. The obtained results clearly demonstrated inter-annual variability in the varieties under study, which is very important to cope with climate change. However, to confirm its differentiated behavior it is necessary to repeat this phenological evaluation for more campaigns.
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Floração Olival Produção GDC escala BBCH Flowering olive grove production BBCH scale