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Segurança transfusional da pessoa em situação crítica :
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| 1.39 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
O presente relatório foi desenvolvido no âmbito do curso de mestrado em enfermagem na área de enfermagem à pessoa em situação crítica, centrando-se no tema “Segurança transfusional da pessoa em situação crítica – Intervenção especializada de enfermagem”.
A transfusão de componentes sanguíneos é uma terapia importante usada para repor cada um dos componentes do sangue, quando as suas funções ou quantidades estão reduzidas (Optimal Blood Use, 2010). Os erros humanos que podem ser cometidos durante o processo de transfusão devem ser evitados, devendo ser implementados procedimentos padronizados, durante todo o processo transfusional (Barra, 2013).
O percurso para o desenvolvimento de competências comuns e específicas de enfermeiro especialista e de mestre na pessoa em situação crítica, em especial à pessoa submetida a transfusão de componentes sanguíneos, espelhado no presente relatório, representa a análise e reflexão do caminho percorrido em estágio. Este decorreu de 03 de outubro de 2022 a 10 de fevereiro de 2023, num serviço de urgência e numa unidade de cuidados intensivos, evidenciando-se as atividades realizadas e os resultados obtidos, que elucidam as competências adquiridas.
Relativamente ao referencial teórico de enfermagem, suportei o meu pensamento e ação na Teoria da Vigilância de Meyer e Lavin (2005), na medida em que a vigilância de enfermagem é um fator determinante na deteção e avaliação precoce de complicações, assim como na capacidade de intervir atempadamente, otimizando resultados, culminando na melhoria do estado de saúde da pessoa (Meyer & Lavin, 2005).
Assim, os enfermeiros que prestam cuidados à pessoa em situação crítica, encontram-se numa posição central na manutenção da segurança da pessoa, no que diz respeito ao risco clínico inerente, tornando-se fundamental a vigilância. Desta forma, é analisada a vigilância como uma particularidade que caracteriza os enfermeiros e que lhes permite diferenciarem-se de outras profissões (Júnior, 2020).
As part of the master of science in nursing degree in the specialty of people in critical conditions, this report focused on the topic “Blood transfusion safety of people in critical condition – Specialized nursing intervention”. Blood component therapy plays an important role in the management of patients who are experiencing reduced haematopoiesis, increased peripheral destruction of cells, or any other condition related to blood components reduction (Optimal Blood Use, 2010). In order to minimize the adverse effects and (human) errors, services should have standard operating procedures to ensure the safety of the recipient (Barra, 2013). The analysis and reflection taken during the internship and echoed in this report justified the path towards developing common and specific competencies for a master and specialist nurse concerning people in critical condition particularly, individuals undertaking blood component therapy. The internship took place from the 3rd October 2022 to the 10t of February 2023, in both an emergency and intensive care units. The activities performed highlight the results obtained and illustrates the acquired competencies. The professional vigilance theoretical approach was based on the scientific paper of Meyer e Lavin (2005). In this approach, nursing surveillance is a paramount factor in complications’ early detection and evaluation as well as the ability to intervene promptly, optimizing results and ultimately, improving people’s health and wellbeing (Meyer & Lavin, 2005). Nurses play a crucial role providing vigilance and care to people in critical condition by ensuring people’s safety in terms of inherent clinical risk. It is, therefore, crucial for nurses to have adequate knowledge of methods such as surveillance as a key feature that enables them to distinguish themselves among other professionals (Junior, 2020).
As part of the master of science in nursing degree in the specialty of people in critical conditions, this report focused on the topic “Blood transfusion safety of people in critical condition – Specialized nursing intervention”. Blood component therapy plays an important role in the management of patients who are experiencing reduced haematopoiesis, increased peripheral destruction of cells, or any other condition related to blood components reduction (Optimal Blood Use, 2010). In order to minimize the adverse effects and (human) errors, services should have standard operating procedures to ensure the safety of the recipient (Barra, 2013). The analysis and reflection taken during the internship and echoed in this report justified the path towards developing common and specific competencies for a master and specialist nurse concerning people in critical condition particularly, individuals undertaking blood component therapy. The internship took place from the 3rd October 2022 to the 10t of February 2023, in both an emergency and intensive care units. The activities performed highlight the results obtained and illustrates the acquired competencies. The professional vigilance theoretical approach was based on the scientific paper of Meyer e Lavin (2005). In this approach, nursing surveillance is a paramount factor in complications’ early detection and evaluation as well as the ability to intervene promptly, optimizing results and ultimately, improving people’s health and wellbeing (Meyer & Lavin, 2005). Nurses play a crucial role providing vigilance and care to people in critical condition by ensuring people’s safety in terms of inherent clinical risk. It is, therefore, crucial for nurses to have adequate knowledge of methods such as surveillance as a key feature that enables them to distinguish themselves among other professionals (Junior, 2020).
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Keywords
Enfermagem de cuidados intensivos Efeitos colaterais e reações adversas relacionados a medicamentos Cuidados críticos Transfusão de sangue Segurança do paciente