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Desafios da Sustentabilidade do NET Zero 2050 nos Operadores AĆ©reos de Transporte de Passageiros e Carga. Caso de estudo de Emirates e DHL
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A crescente consciencializaĆ§Ć£o global sobre os impactos das alteraƧƵes climĆ”ticas e a urgĆŖncia de
mitigar as emissƵes de gases com efeito de estufa colocam o setor da aviaĆ§Ć£o no centro das discussƵes sobre sustentabilidade ambiental. Tendo em conta que o transporte aĆ©reo de passageiros e
carga Ć© responsĆ”vel por uma parcela significativa das emissƵes globais de COā, este estudo foca-se
na transiĆ§Ć£o para a neutralidade carbĆ³nica atĆ© 2050 (NET ZERO 2050), explorando os principais
desafios enfrentados pelos operadores do setor. A sua relevĆ¢ncia decorre da necessidade urgente
de conciliar o crescimento econĆ³mico e logĆstico da aviaĆ§Ć£o com prĆ”ticas sustentĆ”veis e ambientalmente responsĆ”veis. O principal objetivo desta dissertaĆ§Ć£o Ć© analisar os obstĆ”culos e estratĆ©gias
adotadas por operadores aƩreos de carga e passageiros, com foco nos casos da Emirates e DHL,
para atingir essa meta de zero emissƵes lĆquidas atĆ© 2050. A investigaĆ§Ć£o procura responder Ć seguinte pergunta: quais sĆ£o os principais desafios e prĆ”ticas que influenciam a viabilidade da descarbonizaĆ§Ć£o no setor da aviaĆ§Ć£o comercial, em particular no transporte de carga? A metodologia
adotada Ć© de natureza qualitativa e exploratĆ³ria, com base na anĆ”lise documental de relatĆ³rios de
sustentabilidade, literatura cientĆfica especĆfica e anĆ”lise de relatĆ³rios oficiais, complementada
com uma anƔlise comparativa entre as duas empresas estudadas. Foram aplicadas tƩcnicas como
anĆ”lise, anĆ”lise SWOT, PESTEL e avaliaĆ§Ć£o semafĆ³rica para interpretar os dados recolhidos. Os principais resultados indicam que, embora a Emirates e a DHL demonstrem forte compromisso com a
sustentabilidade, persistem desafios significativos, como os elevados custos do SAF (Sustainable
Aviation Fuel), a limitada maturidade das tecnologias de propulsĆ£o elĆ©trica e a hidrogĆ©nio, e a ausĆŖncia de regulamentaĆ§Ć£o internacional harmonizada. Apesar disso, ambas as empresas implementaram iniciativas com impacto positivo, como a substituiĆ§Ć£o progressiva de frotas, e aƧƵes de reciclagem e compensaĆ§Ć£o de carbono. Conclui-se que a transiĆ§Ć£o para o NET ZERO 2050 exige aƧƵes
coordenadas entre operadores, governos e fabricantes, bem como o reforƧo de polĆticas pĆŗblicas
de incentivo Ć inovaĆ§Ć£o e produĆ§Ć£o de combustĆveis alternativos. Este estudo contribui para o entendimento dos caminhos possĆveis para a descarbonizaĆ§Ć£o da aviaĆ§Ć£o, e sugere investigaƧƵes futuras sobre: o impacto econĆ³mico do SAF, o papel das infraestruturas aeroportuĆ”rias, a viabilidade
das novas tecnologias em rotas regionais, e a criaĆ§Ć£o de modelos comparativos de desempenho
ambiental. A principal limitaĆ§Ć£o do trabalho reside na ausĆŖncia de dados primĆ”rios, sendo recomendada a realizaĆ§Ć£o de entrevistas futuras com decisores e tĆ©cnicos do setor.
The growing global awareness of the impacts of climate change and the urgency of reducing greenhouse gas emissions place the aviation sector at the centre of discussions on environmental sustainability. Considering that air transport of passengers and cargo accounts for a significant share of global COā emissions, this study focuses on the transition towards carbon neutrality by 2050 (NET ZERO 2050), exploring the main challenges faced by operators in the sector. Its relevance lies in the pressing need to reconcile aviationās economic and logistical growth with sustainable and environmentally responsible practices. The primary objective of this dissertation is to analyse the obstacles and strategies adopted by passenger and cargo air operators, with a focus on the cases of Emirates and DHL, to achieve the goal of net-zero emissions by 2050. The research aims to address the following question: what are the primary challenges and practices that impact the feasibility of decarbonization in the commercial aviation sector, particularly in cargo transport? The methodology used is qualitative and exploratory, based on document analysis of sustainability reports, relevant scientific literature, and official reports, complemented by a comparative analysis of the two companies studied. Techniques such as SWOT analysis, PESTEL analysis, and traffic-light assessment were applied to interpret the collected data. The main findings indicate that, although Emirates and DHL show a strong commitment to sustainability, significant challenges remain, such as the high cost of SAF (Sustainable Aviation Fuel), the limited maturity of electric and hydrogen propulsion technologies, and the lack of harmonised international regulation. Nevertheless, both companies have implemented initiatives with a positive impact, particularly in operational optimisation, progressive fleet replacement, and actions related to recycling and carbon offsetting. It is concluded that the transition to NET ZERO 2050 requires coordinated action between operators, governments, and manufacturers, as well as the reinforcement of public policies that support innovation and the production of alternative fuels. This study contributes to understanding the possible pathways for aviation decarbonisation and suggests future research in areas such as the economic impact of SAF, the role of airport infrastructure, the feasibility of new technologies on regional routes, and the development of comparative models of environmental performance. The main limitation of this work lies in the absence of primary data, and it is recommended that future interviews be con
The growing global awareness of the impacts of climate change and the urgency of reducing greenhouse gas emissions place the aviation sector at the centre of discussions on environmental sustainability. Considering that air transport of passengers and cargo accounts for a significant share of global COā emissions, this study focuses on the transition towards carbon neutrality by 2050 (NET ZERO 2050), exploring the main challenges faced by operators in the sector. Its relevance lies in the pressing need to reconcile aviationās economic and logistical growth with sustainable and environmentally responsible practices. The primary objective of this dissertation is to analyse the obstacles and strategies adopted by passenger and cargo air operators, with a focus on the cases of Emirates and DHL, to achieve the goal of net-zero emissions by 2050. The research aims to address the following question: what are the primary challenges and practices that impact the feasibility of decarbonization in the commercial aviation sector, particularly in cargo transport? The methodology used is qualitative and exploratory, based on document analysis of sustainability reports, relevant scientific literature, and official reports, complemented by a comparative analysis of the two companies studied. Techniques such as SWOT analysis, PESTEL analysis, and traffic-light assessment were applied to interpret the collected data. The main findings indicate that, although Emirates and DHL show a strong commitment to sustainability, significant challenges remain, such as the high cost of SAF (Sustainable Aviation Fuel), the limited maturity of electric and hydrogen propulsion technologies, and the lack of harmonised international regulation. Nevertheless, both companies have implemented initiatives with a positive impact, particularly in operational optimisation, progressive fleet replacement, and actions related to recycling and carbon offsetting. It is concluded that the transition to NET ZERO 2050 requires coordinated action between operators, governments, and manufacturers, as well as the reinforcement of public policies that support innovation and the production of alternative fuels. This study contributes to understanding the possible pathways for aviation decarbonisation and suggests future research in areas such as the economic impact of SAF, the role of airport infrastructure, the feasibility of new technologies on regional routes, and the development of comparative models of environmental performance. The main limitation of this work lies in the absence of primary data, and it is recommended that future interviews be con