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Otimização do transporte em vazio proveniente da distribuição de um retalhista em Portugal
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O presente estudo analisa o problema do transporte em vazio no contexto da distribuição de um retalhista a operar em Portugal, propondo soluções de otimização assentes em princípios de colaboração vertical entre transportador, retalhista e fornecedores. A investigação centra-se na empresa FSP Transportes, que opera em regime de serviço dedicado de transporte para o retalhista, em que o retorno das viaturas ao centro de distribuição ocorre frequentemente sem carga útil. O objetivo principal consistiu em avaliar a viabilidade operacional, económica e ambiental da integração de cargas de retorno nas viagens atualmente realizadas em vazio. Para tal, foi conduzido um estudo de caso único, suportado em dados reais recolhidos entre 2024 e o primeiro semestre de 2025, abrangendo cinco rotas representativas do território nacional. A análise comparou o cenário inicial com o cenário otimizado, recorrendo a indicadores de quilómetros em vazio, ganhos marginais e emissões de CO₂. Os resultados demonstram uma redução significativa dos quilómetros em vazio e uma melhoria do desempenho económico global da operação, evidenciando o potencial da colaboração vertical para a eficiência logística e a sustentabilidade ambiental. O estudo apresenta ainda o Modelo de Maturidade de Backhauling, concebido para avaliar o grau de desenvolvimento das práticas colaborativas no transporte, constituindo um contributo original para a gestão logística e para a investigação aplicada em transporte rodoviário de mercadorias.
This study analyses the problem of empty transport in the distribution operations of a retailer operating in Portugal, proposing optimisation solutions based on vertical collaboration between carrier, retailer and suppliers. The research focuses on FSP Transportes, which operates a dedicated transport service for the retailer, where vehicles frequently return to the distribution centre without load. The main objective was to assess the operational, economic and environmental feasibility of integrating return loads into trips currently performed empty. A single case study approach was adopted, supported by real operational data collected between 2024 and the first semester of 2025, covering five representative routes across mainland Portugal. The analysis compared the baseline scenario with the optimised scenario, using indicators such as empty kilometres, marginal gains, and CO₂ emissions. The results show a significant reduction in empty kilometres and an improvement in the overall economic performance of the operation, highlighting the potential of vertical collaboration to enhance both logistical efficiency and environmental sustainability. The study also introduces the Backhauling Maturity Model, designed to assess the level of development of collaborative practices in transport, representing an original contribution to logistics management and applied research in road freight transport.
This study analyses the problem of empty transport in the distribution operations of a retailer operating in Portugal, proposing optimisation solutions based on vertical collaboration between carrier, retailer and suppliers. The research focuses on FSP Transportes, which operates a dedicated transport service for the retailer, where vehicles frequently return to the distribution centre without load. The main objective was to assess the operational, economic and environmental feasibility of integrating return loads into trips currently performed empty. A single case study approach was adopted, supported by real operational data collected between 2024 and the first semester of 2025, covering five representative routes across mainland Portugal. The analysis compared the baseline scenario with the optimised scenario, using indicators such as empty kilometres, marginal gains, and CO₂ emissions. The results show a significant reduction in empty kilometres and an improvement in the overall economic performance of the operation, highlighting the potential of vertical collaboration to enhance both logistical efficiency and environmental sustainability. The study also introduces the Backhauling Maturity Model, designed to assess the level of development of collaborative practices in transport, representing an original contribution to logistics management and applied research in road freight transport.
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Transporte em vazio Backhauling Colaboração vertical Sustentabilidade Empty transport Vertical collaboration Sustainability