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Libertação de microplásticos pelos aparelhos ortodônticos transparentes : uma abordagem por espectroscopia FTIR
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Objetivo: O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a libertação de microplásticos por aparelhos ortodônticos transparentes expostos a diferentes meios e fricção mecânica, si-mulando a cavidade oral. Com base em Quinzi (2023) e através de espectroscopia FTIR, procurou-se identificar a presença de microplásticos e promover a consciencialização so-bre os possíveis riscos de saúde e eficácia do tratamento ortodôntico.
Materiais e Métodos: Como amostras foram utilizados aparelhos Invisalign® não usados e grupo experimental três bebidas (Chá Preto, Cerveja Super Bock® e Água Mineral Natural de Monchique®) a 37 °C. O grupo de controlo composto por Saliva Ar-tificial. Cada grupo esteve em contacto com os aparelhos por 7 dias, alternando ciclos de agitação (2 h a 60 rpm) e repouso (22 h em Saliva Artificial). Após o ensaio, as soluções foram filtradas, as membranas analisadas à lupa e por espectroscopia FTIR para a identi-ficação de microplásticos.
Resultados: Os espetros FTIR dos aparelhos ortodônticos transparentes e as cor-relações entre os espectros obtidos e os espectros de referência confirmaram a libertação de microplásticos, não só por parte do grupo de controlo, como pelos grupos experimen-tais. De forma a atenuar o ruído aumentado proporcionado por uma leitura adjacente a partículas de reduzidas dimensões, na região 2400-1800 cm-1, a correlação foi calculada no intervalo [4000-2400] U [1800-400]. Os espectros adquiridos confirmam a presença de poliuretano na constituição polimérica dos microplásticos analisados, o que permitiu concluir que são constituídos pelo mesmo termoplástico. Os resultados sugerem que o Chá Preto e a Cerveja Super Bock® são agentes promotores da libertação de microplásti-cos destes alinhadores visto que originaram mais particulas libertadas que o controlo. Por sua vez, ocorreu a libertação de microplásticos em menor número por parte da Água Mi-neral Natural de Monchique®, com ausência de gás e um pH básico de 9,5.
Conclusão: Os aparelhos ortodônticos transparentes libertam microplásticos e/ou nanoplásticos. Bebidas como o Chá Preto ou Cerveja Super Bock® são potenciais indu-tores dessa libertação, presumivelmente pela acidez e/ou presença de gás. Este registo é fundamental do ponto de vista da eficácia do tratamento ortodôntico e dos possíveis riscos inerentes para a saúde.
Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the release of microplastics from trans-parent orthodontic appliances exposed to different agents and mechanical friction, simu-lating the oral cavity. Based on Quinzi (2023) and using FTIR spectroscopy, we sought to identify the presence of microplastics and raise awareness about the possible health risks and effectiveness of orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: Unused Invisalign® devices were used as samples, and three beverages (black tea, Super Bock® beer, and Monchique® natural mineral water) at 37 °C were used as the experimental group. The control group consisted of artificial saliva. Each group was in contact with the devices for 7 days, alternating between agita-tion cycles (2 hours at 60 rpm) and rest cycles (22 hours in artificial saliva). After the test, the solutions were filtered, the membranes were analysed under a magnifying glass and by FTIR spectroscopy to identify microplastics. Results: The FTIR spectra of the transparent orthodontic appliances and the cor-relations between the obtained spectra and the reference spectra confirmed the release of microplastics, not only by the control group but also by the experimental groups. In order to attenuate the increased noise provided by a reading adjacent to small particles in the 2400-1800 cm⁻¹ region, the correlation was calculated in the interval [4000-2400] to [1800-400]. The acquired spectra confirm the presence of polyurethane in the polymeric composition of the analyzed microplastics, which allowed us to conclude that they are constituted by the same thermoplastic. The results suggest that Black Tea and Super Bock® Beer are agents that promote the release of microplastics from these aligners, since they generated more released particles than the control. In turn, a smaller number of mi-croplastics were released by Monchique Natural Mineral Water®, which is carbonated and has a basic pH of 9.5. Conclusion: Clear orthodontic braces release microplastics and/or nanoplastics. Beverages such as black tea or Super Bock® beer are potential inducers of this release, presumably due to their acidity and/or the presence of gas. This record is fundamental from the point of view of the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment and the possible inhe-rent health risks.
Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the release of microplastics from trans-parent orthodontic appliances exposed to different agents and mechanical friction, simu-lating the oral cavity. Based on Quinzi (2023) and using FTIR spectroscopy, we sought to identify the presence of microplastics and raise awareness about the possible health risks and effectiveness of orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: Unused Invisalign® devices were used as samples, and three beverages (black tea, Super Bock® beer, and Monchique® natural mineral water) at 37 °C were used as the experimental group. The control group consisted of artificial saliva. Each group was in contact with the devices for 7 days, alternating between agita-tion cycles (2 hours at 60 rpm) and rest cycles (22 hours in artificial saliva). After the test, the solutions were filtered, the membranes were analysed under a magnifying glass and by FTIR spectroscopy to identify microplastics. Results: The FTIR spectra of the transparent orthodontic appliances and the cor-relations between the obtained spectra and the reference spectra confirmed the release of microplastics, not only by the control group but also by the experimental groups. In order to attenuate the increased noise provided by a reading adjacent to small particles in the 2400-1800 cm⁻¹ region, the correlation was calculated in the interval [4000-2400] to [1800-400]. The acquired spectra confirm the presence of polyurethane in the polymeric composition of the analyzed microplastics, which allowed us to conclude that they are constituted by the same thermoplastic. The results suggest that Black Tea and Super Bock® Beer are agents that promote the release of microplastics from these aligners, since they generated more released particles than the control. In turn, a smaller number of mi-croplastics were released by Monchique Natural Mineral Water®, which is carbonated and has a basic pH of 9.5. Conclusion: Clear orthodontic braces release microplastics and/or nanoplastics. Beverages such as black tea or Super Bock® beer are potential inducers of this release, presumably due to their acidity and/or the presence of gas. This record is fundamental from the point of view of the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment and the possible inhe-rent health risks.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Aparelho ortodôntico transparente Microplástico Espectroscopia FTIR