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Estudo do efeito mitigador para a emissão de amoníaco e gases com efeito de estufa, do biochar e da clinoptilolite, em chorume de suíno
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O armazenamento de chorume animal é uma das principais fontes de emissões gasosas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do biochar e do clinoptilolite na composição e nas emissões gasosas (NH3, N2O, CO2 e CH4) durante o armazenamento de fração líquida separada de chorume de suíno.O ensaio foi realizado em meio laboratorial com recurso a recipientes com 6 L de chorume de suíno e teve a duração de 85 dias. Os aditivos biochar e clinoptilolite foram misturados (isoladamente e/ou conjuntamente) ao chorume de suíno a uma taxa de 2,5% cada, num total de quatro tratamentos com três repetições, incluindo o controlo. As emissões gasosas foram monitorizadas continuamente durante o ensaio por um analisador foto-acústico de gases com amostrador multiponto. Aos 0 e 85 dias de ensaio, foram recolhidas amostras de chorumes dos tratamentos para avaliação da sua composição. Os resultados mostraram que a adição de biochar modifica as propriedades físico-químicas do chorume. A adição de biochar não reduziu a E. coli durante o ensaio, enquanto a clinoptilolite diminuiu a sua prevalência. A adição de biochar ou clinoptilolite reduziu significativamente a emissão de NH3 durante o armazenamento de chorume, mas nenhuma vantagem foi obtida com a sua combinação. A adição de biochar reduziu significativamente as emissões de CO2 e CH4 em relação à clinoptilolite, porém as emissões N2O e o potencial de aquecimento global não diferem entre os aditivos. Concluímos que o biochar e o clinoptilolite são recomendados como medida de mitigação para reduzir as emissões gasosas e preservar o valor do fertilizante no armazenamento de chorume.
The storage of animal manure is a major source of gaseous emissions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of biochar and clinoptilolite on composition and gaseous emissions (NH3, N2O, CO2 e CH4) during the storage of separated liquid fraction of pig slurry. The experiment was carried out for 85 days using containers with 6 L of pig slurry each. The additives biochar and clinoptilolite were added alone and mixed to the pig slurry at a rate of 2.5% each, in a total of four treatments with three replicates including the control. Gaseous emissions were monitored by a photoacoustic multigas monitor, and slurry samples were collected at 0 and 85 days and their composition assessed. Results showed that the addition of biochar could modify the physicochemical properties of the slurry. The addition of biochar increased the amount of E. coli while clinoptilolite decreased its prevalence. The addition of biochar or clinoptilolite reduced significantly the NH3 emission during the storage of slurry, but no advantages were gained with her combination. The addition of biochar significantly reduced the CO2 and CH4 emission relative to clinoptilolite, however N2O emission and global warming potential did not differ among the additives. We conclude that the biochar and clinoptilolite are recommended as a mitigation measure to reduce gaseous emissions and preserve the fertiliser value at slurry storage.
The storage of animal manure is a major source of gaseous emissions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of biochar and clinoptilolite on composition and gaseous emissions (NH3, N2O, CO2 e CH4) during the storage of separated liquid fraction of pig slurry. The experiment was carried out for 85 days using containers with 6 L of pig slurry each. The additives biochar and clinoptilolite were added alone and mixed to the pig slurry at a rate of 2.5% each, in a total of four treatments with three replicates including the control. Gaseous emissions were monitored by a photoacoustic multigas monitor, and slurry samples were collected at 0 and 85 days and their composition assessed. Results showed that the addition of biochar could modify the physicochemical properties of the slurry. The addition of biochar increased the amount of E. coli while clinoptilolite decreased its prevalence. The addition of biochar or clinoptilolite reduced significantly the NH3 emission during the storage of slurry, but no advantages were gained with her combination. The addition of biochar significantly reduced the CO2 and CH4 emission relative to clinoptilolite, however N2O emission and global warming potential did not differ among the additives. We conclude that the biochar and clinoptilolite are recommended as a mitigation measure to reduce gaseous emissions and preserve the fertiliser value at slurry storage.
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Palavras-chave
biochar clinoptilolite emissões gasosas medida de mitigação composição de chorume