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Avaliação da taxa de sobrevivência da praga emergente Trachymela sloanei em diferentes híbridos de eucalipto
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Abstract(s)
A floresta é o principal uso do solo em Portugal ocupando uma área superior a três mil hectares, representando 36% do território nacional.O Eucalyptus globulus é a espécie dominante na superfície florestal em Portugal representando cerca de 26% da área. Está distribuído de Norte a Sul de Portugal, desde o litoral ao interior e é amplamente utilizada para a produção de pasta de papel. Com a sua expansão pelo Mundo, também se tornou necessário o controlo e protecção contra os agentes bióticos que levam a várias perdas de produtividade na espécie.Sendo o eucalipto uma espécie de elevada importância económica, há quase 60 anos que a indústria de celulose financia o melhoramento genético. Através deste processo são criados indivíduos com características superiores, mais produtivos que conseguem resistir a condições edafo-climáticas desfavoráveis para a produção de material lenhoso. O sucesso destes programas aumenta com a qualidade genética das plantas utilizadas, da quantidade do material melhorado e do respectivo comportamento e adaptação às condições de campo.A hibridação é um processo bastante promissor porque permite combinar diferentes características de melhor qualidade entre espécies e criar genótipos superiores. O êxito ou fracasso destes métodos depende profundamente do local de plantação, das espécies utilizadas, da eleição de progenitores com genótipos superiores, da viabilidade do cruzamento e da capacidade do híbrido para a propagação vegetativa.Desde a década de oitenta que vários problemas fitossanitários têm vindo a provocar sérios danos na espécie eucalipto. Passaram a estar-lhe associados fitófagos, pragas e doenças que chegaram às áreas onde estas estão plantadas para fins comerciais, tais como, a psila-do-eucalipto (Ctenarytaina eucalypti), a broca-do-eucalipto (Phoracantha semipunctata e Phoracantha recurva), o gorgulho-do-eucalipto (Gonipterus platensis), a Ctenarytaina spatulata, a vespa-da-galha-do-eucalipto (Leptocybe invasa), o ácaro Rhombacus eucalypti e as larvas de Melolontha paposa.A Trachymela sloanei é endémico da Austrália e Nova Guiné e foi detectada pela primeira vez em Portugal em 2019, dispersando-se rapidamente e ocupando metade do sul do país. Alimenta-se preferencialmente de Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Porém, o Eucalyptus globulus, foi registado pela primeira vez na Península Ibérica como planta hospedeira. Os adultos cortam rebentos de folhas frescas à medida que as árvores refolham, causando desfolhamento e redução da produtividade da madeira, provocando, nas árvores, um stresse considerável. Para poder controlar e minimizar os danos provocados pela T. sloanei, são utilizados diversos tipos de tratamentos: químico, genético, físico e biológico.Foi avaliada a taxa de sobrevivência da praga emergente T. sloanei em três diferentes híbridos de eucalipto: BARÃO (E. urophylla x E. maiden), MEI (E. viminalis x E. globulus) e H551.01 (E. grandis x E. globulus) e verificou-se que as taxas de sobrevivência do clone MEI se destacam dos outros clones, BARÃO e H551.01.
In Portugal, forest is the main land use, occupying an area of over three thousand hectares, representing 36% of the national territory.Eucalyptus globulus is the dominant species in the forest surface in Portugal, representing about 26% of the area. It is distributed from North to South of Portugal, from the coast to the interior and is widely used to produce paper pulp. With its expansion around the world, it also became necessary to control and protect against biotic agents that lead to several productivity losses in the species.Being eucalyptus a species of great economic importance, the pulp industry has financed genetic improvement for almost 60 years. Through this process, individuals with superior characteristics are created, become more productive and can resist to unfavorable climatic conditions to produce woody material. The success of these increase with the genetic quality of the plants used, the amount of improved material, their respective behavior and adaptation to field conditions.Hybridization is a very promising process because it allows the combination of different traits of better quality between species and creating superior genotypes. The success or failure of these methods profoundly depends on the planting site, the species used, the choice of parents with superior genotypes, the viability of the crossing and the capacity of the hybrid for vegetative propagation.Since the eighties, various phytosanitary problems have been causing serious damage to the eucalyptus species. Some phytophages, pests and diseases that were associated with eucalyptus species reached the areas where it was planted for commercial purposes, such as, the eucalyptus psylla (Ctenarytaina eucalypti), the eucalyptus borer (Phoracantha semipunctata and Phoracantha recurva), the eucalyptus weevil (Gonipterus platensis), the Ctenarytaina spatulata, the eucalyptus gall wasp (Leptocybe invasa), the mite Rhombacus eucalypti and the larvae of Melolontha paposa.Trachymela sloanei is endemic to Australia and New Guinea and was first detected in Portugal in 2019, quickly dispersing and occupying the southern half of the country. It feeds preferentially on Eucalyptus camaldulensis. However, Eucalyptus globulus was recorded for the first time in the Iberian Peninsula as a host plant. The adults cut off fresh leaf shoots as they begin to expand, causing defoliation and reduction of wood productivity, putting considerable stress on the trees. To control and minimize the damage caused by T. sloanei, different types of treatments are used: chemical, genetic, physical and biological.The survival rate of the emerging pest Trachymela sloanei was evaluated in three different Eucalyptus hybrids: BARÃO (E. urophylla x E. maiden), MEI (E. viminalis x E. globulus) and H551.01 (E. grandis x E. globulus) and it was verified that the survival rates of MEI clone stand out from the other clones used, BARÃO and H551.01.
In Portugal, forest is the main land use, occupying an area of over three thousand hectares, representing 36% of the national territory.Eucalyptus globulus is the dominant species in the forest surface in Portugal, representing about 26% of the area. It is distributed from North to South of Portugal, from the coast to the interior and is widely used to produce paper pulp. With its expansion around the world, it also became necessary to control and protect against biotic agents that lead to several productivity losses in the species.Being eucalyptus a species of great economic importance, the pulp industry has financed genetic improvement for almost 60 years. Through this process, individuals with superior characteristics are created, become more productive and can resist to unfavorable climatic conditions to produce woody material. The success of these increase with the genetic quality of the plants used, the amount of improved material, their respective behavior and adaptation to field conditions.Hybridization is a very promising process because it allows the combination of different traits of better quality between species and creating superior genotypes. The success or failure of these methods profoundly depends on the planting site, the species used, the choice of parents with superior genotypes, the viability of the crossing and the capacity of the hybrid for vegetative propagation.Since the eighties, various phytosanitary problems have been causing serious damage to the eucalyptus species. Some phytophages, pests and diseases that were associated with eucalyptus species reached the areas where it was planted for commercial purposes, such as, the eucalyptus psylla (Ctenarytaina eucalypti), the eucalyptus borer (Phoracantha semipunctata and Phoracantha recurva), the eucalyptus weevil (Gonipterus platensis), the Ctenarytaina spatulata, the eucalyptus gall wasp (Leptocybe invasa), the mite Rhombacus eucalypti and the larvae of Melolontha paposa.Trachymela sloanei is endemic to Australia and New Guinea and was first detected in Portugal in 2019, quickly dispersing and occupying the southern half of the country. It feeds preferentially on Eucalyptus camaldulensis. However, Eucalyptus globulus was recorded for the first time in the Iberian Peninsula as a host plant. The adults cut off fresh leaf shoots as they begin to expand, causing defoliation and reduction of wood productivity, putting considerable stress on the trees. To control and minimize the damage caused by T. sloanei, different types of treatments are used: chemical, genetic, physical and biological.The survival rate of the emerging pest Trachymela sloanei was evaluated in three different Eucalyptus hybrids: BARÃO (E. urophylla x E. maiden), MEI (E. viminalis x E. globulus) and H551.01 (E. grandis x E. globulus) and it was verified that the survival rates of MEI clone stand out from the other clones used, BARÃO and H551.01.
Description
Keywords
eucalipto Eucalyptus globulus Labill. clones híbridos Traquimela sloanei besouro-tartaruga