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A vítima de violência psicológica como objeto de prova em Processo Penal
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Abstract(s)
A apresentação deste tema de dissertação da vítima de violência psicológica como objeto de prova em processo penal decorre da dificuldade de se provar a prática do respetivo crime. A vítima é colocada numa posição de vulnerabilidade, seja porque o próprio sistema do nosso ordenamento jurídico em processo penal não a protege com os mesmos mecanismos jurídicos que são assegurados ao agressor (a), seja porque a vítima tendencialmente acaba sendo vitimizada pela segunda vez a nível das instituições especializadas para lidar com este tipo de crime. A falta de profissionalismo e sensibilidade técnica, fazem com que a quebra do silêncio seja esvaziada da sua importância, acarretando com a falta de confiança na justiça pela vítima e o regresso ao mesmo contexto doméstico de agressão. O fator de dependência emocional e financeira, também constituem um dos maiores entraves para a quebra do silêncio, quando é exatamente este o primeiro passo de libertação da vítima. A principal caraterística inerente ao crime de violência psicológica, é que ela ocorre num contexto doméstico em que tudo parece correr bem, sendo este o modus operandi do (a) agressor(a). Ele (a) trabalha de forma ardilosa e manipuladora, fazendo com que a vítima acredite que é culpada pelos atos do (a) agressor (a). Enquanto ela procura encontrar meios de mudar a forma como age para que tudo corra bem, o seu grau de frustração vai aumentando, levando -a ao extremo de pensar que está maluca ou que não é suficiente para aquele homem ou mulher, acabando em alguns casos em suicídio, geralmente precedida de uma depressão. Conseguir que a vítima em algum momento desperte, se aperceba que está a ser manipulada e quebre o silêncio, de nada vale se o acesso à justiça e a um
julgamento justo lhe for negado por falta de instrumentos suficientes para constituição de prova de que efetivamente é vítima de violência psicológica. Os meios de prova tipificados na lei processual penal e civil poderão não ser os adequados ou suficientes para provar certos factos juridicamente relevantes num determinado caso concreto de violência psicológica, se tivermos em atenção que em processo penal não bastam as palavras da vítima para que tais factos se considerem juridicamente relevantes, é necessário a prova material dos factos. Por este motivo, urge a necessidade de se ampliar o conceito de objeto de prova constante do art.º 124 do CPP, no sentido da própria vítima de violência psicológica, enquanto pessoa, ser juridicamente relevante como objeto de prova para os fins que se pretende alcançar neste artigo. A nosso ver, haverá maior possibilidade da prova destes factos com este posicionamento. Portanto, é com base nestes aspetos que iremos apresentar argumentos e fundamentos que sustentem o nosso
posicionamento, sem prejuízo de ao longo da tese enunciamos o posicionamento da doutrina quanto à prova em processo penal e da jurisprudência nos crimes de violência psicológica.
The presentation of this dissertation topic of the victim of psychological violence as an object of evidence in criminal proceedings stems from the difficulty of proving the commission of the respective crime. The victim is placed in a position of vulnerability, either because the system of our legal system in criminal proceedings does not protect him or her with the same legal mechanisms that are guaranteed to the aggressor, or because the victim tends to end up being victimized for the second time at the level of the specialized institutions to deal with this type of crime. The lack of professionalism and technical sensitivity means that the breaking of silence is emptied of its importance, resulting in the lack of trust in justice by the victim and the return to the same domestic context of aggression. The factor of emotional and financial dependence is also one of the biggest obstacles to breaking the silence, when this is exactly the first step in the victim's liberation. The main characteristic inherent to the crime of psychological violence is that it occurs in a domestic context in which everything seems to be going well, and this is the modus operandi of the aggressor. He or she works in a cunning and manipulative way, making the victim believe that he or she is to blame for the abuser's actions. While she tries to find ways to change the way she acts so that everything goes well, her degree of frustration increases, leading her to the extreme of thinking that she is crazy or that she is not enough for that man or woman, ending in some cases in suicide, usually preceded by depression. Getting the victim at some point to wake up, realize that they are being manipulated and break the silence, is worthless if access to justice and a fair trial is denied to them for lack of sufficient instruments to prove that they are indeed victims of psychological violence. The means of proof typified in the criminal and civil procedural law may not be adequate or sufficient to prove certain legally relevant facts in a specific case of psychological violence, if we take into account that in criminal proceedings the words of the victim are not enough for such facts to be considered legally relevant material proof of the facts is necessary. For this reason, there is an urgent need to expand the concept of object of evidence contained in article 124.º of the CPP, in the sense that the victim of psychological violence, as a person, is legally relevant as an object of evidence for the purposes intended to be achieved in this article. In our view, there will be a greater possibility of proving these facts with this position. Therefore, it is based on these aspects that we will present arguments and grounds that support our position, without prejudice to the fact that throughout the thesis we enunciate the position of the doctrine regarding evidence in criminal proceedings and the jurisprudence in crimes of psychological violence.
The presentation of this dissertation topic of the victim of psychological violence as an object of evidence in criminal proceedings stems from the difficulty of proving the commission of the respective crime. The victim is placed in a position of vulnerability, either because the system of our legal system in criminal proceedings does not protect him or her with the same legal mechanisms that are guaranteed to the aggressor, or because the victim tends to end up being victimized for the second time at the level of the specialized institutions to deal with this type of crime. The lack of professionalism and technical sensitivity means that the breaking of silence is emptied of its importance, resulting in the lack of trust in justice by the victim and the return to the same domestic context of aggression. The factor of emotional and financial dependence is also one of the biggest obstacles to breaking the silence, when this is exactly the first step in the victim's liberation. The main characteristic inherent to the crime of psychological violence is that it occurs in a domestic context in which everything seems to be going well, and this is the modus operandi of the aggressor. He or she works in a cunning and manipulative way, making the victim believe that he or she is to blame for the abuser's actions. While she tries to find ways to change the way she acts so that everything goes well, her degree of frustration increases, leading her to the extreme of thinking that she is crazy or that she is not enough for that man or woman, ending in some cases in suicide, usually preceded by depression. Getting the victim at some point to wake up, realize that they are being manipulated and break the silence, is worthless if access to justice and a fair trial is denied to them for lack of sufficient instruments to prove that they are indeed victims of psychological violence. The means of proof typified in the criminal and civil procedural law may not be adequate or sufficient to prove certain legally relevant facts in a specific case of psychological violence, if we take into account that in criminal proceedings the words of the victim are not enough for such facts to be considered legally relevant material proof of the facts is necessary. For this reason, there is an urgent need to expand the concept of object of evidence contained in article 124.º of the CPP, in the sense that the victim of psychological violence, as a person, is legally relevant as an object of evidence for the purposes intended to be achieved in this article. In our view, there will be a greater possibility of proving these facts with this position. Therefore, it is based on these aspects that we will present arguments and grounds that support our position, without prejudice to the fact that throughout the thesis we enunciate the position of the doctrine regarding evidence in criminal proceedings and the jurisprudence in crimes of psychological violence.
Description
Keywords
Princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana Princípio da igualdade Direito à vida, à integridade física e psicológica Denegação de justiça ius puniendi Violência Prova