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Publication
Sistemas Aéreos Não Tripulados Comerciais e a Segurança Interna
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| 2.07 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Kanafeev, Elvar Mitinovich
Abstract(s)
O objetivo geral da presente investigação consiste numa análise do risco que apresentam
os Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados Comerciais, conhecidos por “Drones”, para a
Segurança Interna. Para a presente investigação foi adotado o termo técnico que se dá aos
“Drones” – Remotedly Piloted Aircraft Systems, ou RPAS. Tratando-se de RPAS comerciais,
estes possuem a denominação de Commercial Off-The Shellf, ou COTS, ficando assim, a
denominação de RPAS COTS.
Tendo em conta o objetivo supramencionado, iniciou-se um processo de investigação
que, numa primeira fase, consistiu numa revisão de literatura onde foram consultadas fontes
de informação e legislação ligada à temática escolhida. O objetivo desta revisão de literatura
foi a familiarização com a realidade dos Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados Comercias e estabelecer
o estado da arte. Posteriormente, no trabalho de campo, foram realizadas entrevistas
a militares da Guarda Nacional Republicana e do Exército Português, ligados às diferentes
áreas abordadas no decorrer da presente investigação, de modo a obter informação sobre a
perceção que as suas instituições e unidades têm sobre os “Drones” e os riscos que os mesmos
podem, ou não, apresentar à Segurança Interna. Uma vez que a Segurança Interna é um
conceito abrangente, constituído por diversos setores, foi delimitada uma área específica a
abordar – as Infraestruturas Críticas, existentes em Portugal.
Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que o desenvolvimento deste tipo de tecnologia,
os RPAS COTS, faz com que surjam, cada vez mais, novos riscos de segurança. No
momento da criação da legislação reguladora da operação destas aeronaves, os riscos identificados
prendiam-se com a sua integração no espaço aéreo, já ocupado por aeronaves tripuladas,
e com a possibilidade de os mesmos violarem o direito de privacidade dos cidadãos.
As Forças Armadas e as Forças de Segurança reconhecem que esta tecnologia apresenta
riscos de segurança, sendo identificados casos em que os RPAS COTS foram e continuam a
ser usados para cometer ataques terroristas e em conflitos armados, uma vez que as características
dos mesmos permitem que tal aconteça. Posto isto, conclui-se que existe o risco de
os RPAS COTS comerciais serem utilizados para comprometer a Segurança Interna, materializando-
se na possibilidade dos mesmos serem utilizados para atacar Infraestruturas Críticas.
The general objective of this investigation consists of an analysis of the risk presented by Commercial Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, known as "Drones", to Internal Security. When it comes to commercial RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems), they are referred to as Commercial Off-The-Shelf, or COTS, hence the term RPAS COTS. Considering the previously mentioned objective, an investigation process was initiated, which, in the first phase, consisted of a literature review where information sources and legislation related to the chosen topic were consulted. The aim of this literature review was to familiarize oneself with the reality of Commercial Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and establish the state of the art. Subsequently, during the fieldwork, interviews were conducted with personnel from the National Republican Guard and the Portuguese Army, involved in the different areas addressed in this investigation, to obtain information about the perception that their institutions and units have regarding RPAS COTS and the risks they may or may not pose to Internal Security. Since Internal Security is a vast concept, consisting of various sectors, a specific area was delimited for discussion - Critical Infrastructures existing in Portugal. The obtained results allowed us to conclude that the development of this type of technology, Commercial Drones, leads to the emergence of increasingly new security risks. At the time of creating the regulatory legislation for the operation of these aircraft, the identified risks were related to their integration into the airspace, which was already occupied by manned aircraft, and the possibility of these devices to violate citizens' right to privacy. Both the Armed Forces and the Security Forces acknowledge that this technology presents security risks, as there have been cases where RPAS COTS have been and continue to be used to carry out terrorist attacks and in armed conflicts, given that their characteristics allow such events to occur. Therefore, it is concluded that there is a risk of commercial drones being used to compromise Internal Security, particularly in terms of the possibility of attacking Critical Infrastructures
The general objective of this investigation consists of an analysis of the risk presented by Commercial Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, known as "Drones", to Internal Security. When it comes to commercial RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems), they are referred to as Commercial Off-The-Shelf, or COTS, hence the term RPAS COTS. Considering the previously mentioned objective, an investigation process was initiated, which, in the first phase, consisted of a literature review where information sources and legislation related to the chosen topic were consulted. The aim of this literature review was to familiarize oneself with the reality of Commercial Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and establish the state of the art. Subsequently, during the fieldwork, interviews were conducted with personnel from the National Republican Guard and the Portuguese Army, involved in the different areas addressed in this investigation, to obtain information about the perception that their institutions and units have regarding RPAS COTS and the risks they may or may not pose to Internal Security. Since Internal Security is a vast concept, consisting of various sectors, a specific area was delimited for discussion - Critical Infrastructures existing in Portugal. The obtained results allowed us to conclude that the development of this type of technology, Commercial Drones, leads to the emergence of increasingly new security risks. At the time of creating the regulatory legislation for the operation of these aircraft, the identified risks were related to their integration into the airspace, which was already occupied by manned aircraft, and the possibility of these devices to violate citizens' right to privacy. Both the Armed Forces and the Security Forces acknowledge that this technology presents security risks, as there have been cases where RPAS COTS have been and continue to be used to carry out terrorist attacks and in armed conflicts, given that their characteristics allow such events to occur. Therefore, it is concluded that there is a risk of commercial drones being used to compromise Internal Security, particularly in terms of the possibility of attacking Critical Infrastructures
Description
Keywords
RPAS COTS Safety Security Infraestruturas Críticas