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Mobilidade sustentável: avaliação do impacto da introdução de veículos elétricos: caso Força Aérea Portuguesa
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| 4.82 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A responsabilidade social e a proteção ambiental assumem, atualmente, uma importância na
sociedade que outrora seria inatingível. Por todo o mundo, Estados e Organizações declararam
como prioridade o combate às alterações climáticas, não só pelos efeitos já causados, mas
principalmente por aqueles que afetarão as gerações futuras.
O setor dos transportes é responsável por grande parte das emissões dos gases poluentes que
contaminam a atmosfera. A aposta nos veículos elétricos tem sido um importante aliado para a
promoção da mobilidade sustentável. Em consonância com os objetivos de descarbonização e
de melhoria do desempenho ambiental do parque de veículos do Estado, o Despacho 2293-
A/2019, de 7 de março, dos Ministérios das Finanças e do Ambiente e da Transição Energética,
veio estabelecer os critérios financeiros e ambientais aplicáveis à composição das frotas de
veículos do Estado.
O objetivo do presente trabalho de investigação é caracterizar e analisar a frota de viaturas
administrativas da Força Aérea Portuguesa e avaliar o impacto financeiro, operacional e
ambiental decorrente da introdução de veículos elétricos. Dada a complexidade e amplitude de
regulamentos legais que regem a aquisição de veículos pelos organismos do Estado, o modelo
de investigação adotado privilegiou os métodos mistos de investigação, por permitirem,
simultaneamente, realizar análises comparativas e compreender, com maior profundidade,
outros aspetos do estudo.
Tendo por base de análise um horizonte temporal de 8 anos, os resultados obtidos pelo estudo
permitiram apurar que a aposta nos veículos elétricos permitirá poupanças muito significativas
em ações de manutenção e consumos energéticos, tendo um enorme impacto na redução das
emissões de CO2. Todavia, a renovação da frota por veículos elétricos exigirá sempre um
avultado investimento inicial que, juntamente com a ainda baixa autonomia, o elevado tempo
de carregamento e a necessidade de instalação de postos de carregamento, apresentam-se como
os principais desafios à sua concretização.
Foram, ainda, identificadas algumas incongruências jurídicas entre as Diretivas Comunitárias
e os Diplomas Nacionais sobre a temática em estudo que deverão merecer cuidada atenção por
parte do legislador.
Social responsibility and environmental protection are now taking on an importance in society that was once unattainable. States and Organizations all over the world have declared that fighting climate change is a priority, considering not only the effects which already occurred, but mainly for those that will affect the future generations. The transport sector is one of the biggest responsible for greenhouse gas emissions. The dissemination of electric vehicles has become an important ally of sustainable mobility promotion. Consistent with the objectives of decarbonisation and improvement of the environmental performance of the Public State vehicle fleet, the Dispatch 2293-A/2019, of 7 March, from Ministries of Finance and Environment and Energy Transition, established the financial and environmental criteria applicable for the fleet structure of the Public State vehicles. The objective of this work is to characterize and analyse the fleet of administrative vehicles of the Portuguese Air Force and to assess the financial, operational and environmental impact of introduction of electric vehicles. Given the complexity and amplitude of the legal regulations that rule the acquisition of vehicles by State Institutions, this research work privileged mixed methods of investigation, which simultaneously allows to perform comparative analysis and understand, with better comprehension and depth, other aspects of this study. Based on an 8-year time information, this work presented that the bet on electric vehicles allow a significant savings in maintenance and energy consumption, and have a huge impact in reducing CO2 emissions. However, the renewal of the fleet by electric vehicles will always require a large initial investment, which, together with the still low autonomy, the long charging time and the need to install charging stations, present themselves as the biggest challenges to its implementation. This work also identifies some legal inconsistencies between the European Community Directives and the National Diplomas about the subject under study that should deserve special attention by the legislator.
Social responsibility and environmental protection are now taking on an importance in society that was once unattainable. States and Organizations all over the world have declared that fighting climate change is a priority, considering not only the effects which already occurred, but mainly for those that will affect the future generations. The transport sector is one of the biggest responsible for greenhouse gas emissions. The dissemination of electric vehicles has become an important ally of sustainable mobility promotion. Consistent with the objectives of decarbonisation and improvement of the environmental performance of the Public State vehicle fleet, the Dispatch 2293-A/2019, of 7 March, from Ministries of Finance and Environment and Energy Transition, established the financial and environmental criteria applicable for the fleet structure of the Public State vehicles. The objective of this work is to characterize and analyse the fleet of administrative vehicles of the Portuguese Air Force and to assess the financial, operational and environmental impact of introduction of electric vehicles. Given the complexity and amplitude of the legal regulations that rule the acquisition of vehicles by State Institutions, this research work privileged mixed methods of investigation, which simultaneously allows to perform comparative analysis and understand, with better comprehension and depth, other aspects of this study. Based on an 8-year time information, this work presented that the bet on electric vehicles allow a significant savings in maintenance and energy consumption, and have a huge impact in reducing CO2 emissions. However, the renewal of the fleet by electric vehicles will always require a large initial investment, which, together with the still low autonomy, the long charging time and the need to install charging stations, present themselves as the biggest challenges to its implementation. This work also identifies some legal inconsistencies between the European Community Directives and the National Diplomas about the subject under study that should deserve special attention by the legislator.
Description
Keywords
Mobilidade Sustentável Veículos Elétricos Acordos Quadro Parque de Veículos do Estado Força Aérea Portuguesa Sustainable Mobility Electric Vehicles Framework Agreements Public State Vehicle Fleet Portuguese Air Force