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Capacitação das Famílias de Pessoas Idosas com Medo de Queda no Domicílio: Intervenção do Enfermeiro de Família.
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A presença da família é determinante para as pessoas idosas com medo de queda no domicílio. Reconhecendo o papel do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Comunitária na área de Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar (EEECESF) na gestão dos processos de saúde das famílias, e que a recorrência de quedas é o principal fator para o desenvolvimento de medo de cair nas pessoas idosas que vivem no seu domicílio, com consequências para os próprios e sua família, desenvolveu-se este projeto, que teve como objetivos: Cuidar da família, enquanto unidade de cuidados, e de cada um dos seus membros, ao longo do ciclo vital e aos diferentes níveis de prevenção; Liderar os processos de intervenção no âmbito da enfermagem de saúde família e por fim Capacitar famílias de pessoas idosas com medo de queda no domicílio.
Metodologia: Foi adotada a metodologia de projeto e desenhou-se um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e longitudinal, com recurso a técnica de amostragem não probabilística, por conveniência. A fundamentação teórica teve por base uma revisão scoping seguindo a metodologia de Joanna Briggs Institute. Recorreu-se aos referenciais teóricos do Modelo dos Sistemas de Betty Neuman e ao Modelo Dinâmico de Avaliação e Intervenção Familiar (MDAIF) assim como à FES- I 7 Itens para avaliação do medo de queda na pessoa idosa.
Resultados: Foram recrutadas dezassete famílias. Inicialmente, obteve-se um valor médio de 17,76 valores na FES-I 7 Itens, presença de medo de queda muito elevado, e 64,7% dos familiares expressam ter muita preocupação com esta problemática. Estes resultados sugeriram a implementação de intervenções de enfermagem de saúde familiar personalizadas e centradas na dinâmica familiar, com recurso às forças das mesmas. Na fase de avaliação do projeto obtiveram-se valores médios 16,18 na FES-I 7 Itens, ou seja, medo de queda elevado, com 35,3% dos familiares ainda demonstrando muita preocupação. A avaliação revela uma diminuição do medo de queda da pessoa idosa, assim como, na preocupação do seu familiar.
Conclusão: A implementação de intervenções personalizadas pelo EEECESF, no contexto de cada família, revela-se fundamental para a capacitação dos familiares das pessoas idosas com medo de queda no domicílio.
Introduction: The presence of family is crucial for elderly individuals afraid of falling at home. Recognizing the role of the Specialist Nurse in Family Health Nursing in managing family health processes, and that recurrent falls are the main factor in the development of fear of falling among elderly individuals living at home, with consequences for themselves and their families, this project was developed. Its objectives were: to care for the family as a unit of care, and for each of its members, throughout the life cycle and at different levels of prevention; to lead intervention processes in the field of family health nursing; and finally, to empower families of elderly individuals afraid of falling at home. Methodology: A project methodology was adopted, and a quantitative, descriptive, and longitudinal study was designed using a non-probabilistic sampling technique for convenience. The theoretical framework was based on a scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. The theoretical references of Betty Neuman's Systems and the Dynamic Model of Family Assessment and Intervention, as well as the FES-I 7 Items for assessing fear of falling in the elderly, were used. Results: Seventeen families were recruited. Initially, an average score of 17.76 was obtained on the FES-I 7 Items, indicating a very high fear of falling, and 64.7% of family members expressed great concern about this issue. These results suggested the implementation of personalized family health nursing interventions focused on family dynamics, using their strengths. In the project evaluation phase, average scores of 16.18 were obtained on the FES-I 7 Items, indicating a high fear of falling, with 35.3% of family members still expressing great concern. The evaluation revealed a decrease in fear of falling among elderly individuals, as well as in the concern of their family members. Conclusion: The implementation of personalized interventions by the SNFHN, within the context of each family, is essential for empowering the families of elderly individuals afraid of falling at home.
Introduction: The presence of family is crucial for elderly individuals afraid of falling at home. Recognizing the role of the Specialist Nurse in Family Health Nursing in managing family health processes, and that recurrent falls are the main factor in the development of fear of falling among elderly individuals living at home, with consequences for themselves and their families, this project was developed. Its objectives were: to care for the family as a unit of care, and for each of its members, throughout the life cycle and at different levels of prevention; to lead intervention processes in the field of family health nursing; and finally, to empower families of elderly individuals afraid of falling at home. Methodology: A project methodology was adopted, and a quantitative, descriptive, and longitudinal study was designed using a non-probabilistic sampling technique for convenience. The theoretical framework was based on a scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. The theoretical references of Betty Neuman's Systems and the Dynamic Model of Family Assessment and Intervention, as well as the FES-I 7 Items for assessing fear of falling in the elderly, were used. Results: Seventeen families were recruited. Initially, an average score of 17.76 was obtained on the FES-I 7 Items, indicating a very high fear of falling, and 64.7% of family members expressed great concern about this issue. These results suggested the implementation of personalized family health nursing interventions focused on family dynamics, using their strengths. In the project evaluation phase, average scores of 16.18 were obtained on the FES-I 7 Items, indicating a high fear of falling, with 35.3% of family members still expressing great concern. The evaluation revealed a decrease in fear of falling among elderly individuals, as well as in the concern of their family members. Conclusion: The implementation of personalized interventions by the SNFHN, within the context of each family, is essential for empowering the families of elderly individuals afraid of falling at home.
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Keywords
Enfermagem em saúde comunitária Família Idoso Acidentes por quedas Medo