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Evaluation and characterization of portuguese maize landraces. Enhancing genetic diversity
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Abstract(s)
O Programa de Melhoramento Participativo (PPB) “VASO” (Vale do Sousa em Portugal) teve início nos anos 80 com o propósito de valorizar as variedades tradicionais de milho português, cuja principal aptidão gastronómica é broa de milho. A ESAC-IPC (Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra) apoiada pela ADERSOUSA deu continuidade ao trabalho de PPB “VASO” com agricultores e stakeholders do Vale do Sousa. Garante a multiplicação de sementes e testa o potencial agronómico das variedades tradicionais de milho português. Estes esforços de pré-melhoramento pretendem colmatar necessidades urgentes da agricultura biológica em maior diversidade e disponibilidade de sementes.O estudo tem como objetivo: caracterizar fenotipicamente e testar o comportamento agronómico e adaptativo das variedades tradicionais de milho português em dois ensaios; Agricultura Biológica vs. Convencional: em dois locais distanciados em 1,3 km, com o objetivo de comparar dois sistemas agrícolas - agricultura biológica versus agricultura convencional (50 acessos); Ensaio PPB On-farm: em duas explorações de agricultores no Vale do Sousa (10 acessos).O germoplasma utilizado incluiu 52 variedades tradicionais portuguesas de milho: 9 populações de polinização aberta, 1 população compósita (CCP) derivada de PPB "VASO" e 40 populações de milho tradicional dos Açores, obtidas numa missão de recolha em 1979, mantidas ex situ no BPGV (Banco Português de Germoplasma Vegetal) até 2018. (Bettencourt e Gusmão, 1982; Mendes-Moreira et al, 2017).Os dados registados incluíram Produção e avaliações fenotípicas utilizando o descritor HUNTERS.A produtividade variou de 2,1 Mg / ha a 10,5 Mg / ha, com valores significativamente maiores em Macieira de Lixa. O CCP BulkAzores2 alcançou estabilidade de rendimento em todos os locais, indicando que populações heterogêneas tem potencial de amortecer o efeito do negativo ambiente. As populações testadas mostraram diferenças fenotípicas significativas na altura da planta, altura da inserção da espiga e doenças de caule, revelando diversidade e potencial para se adaptar à agricultura biológica e a áreas marginais, onde o uso de populações heterogêneas pode aumentar a rede de ambientes destinados ao cultivo de milho.
The Participatory Plant Breeding Program “VASO” (Sousa Valley in Portugal) started in the 80s with the purpose of valorizing Portuguese maize Landraces for farmers’ needs, which included the use of maize for maize bread. ESAC-IPC (Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra) supported by ADERSOUSA carry on the “VASO” PPB work with farmers and stakeholders from Sousa Valley, ensured seed multiplication, and test the agronomic potential of the maize Landraces derived from PPB "VASO" to meet the needs of sustainable agriculture in the context of climate change.The study aims to: phenotypically characterize, test the agronomic behavior and adaptation of the Landraces and CCPs in two trials; Organic vs Conventional: in two locations distance 1.3 km and intended to compare two agriculture systems low input organic agriculture versus conventional agriculture (50 accessions); On-farm PPB trial: in two farmer’s locations in Sousa Valley (10 accessions).The germplasm used included 52 maize Landraces: 9 open-pollinated populations, 1 composite cross population (CCP) derived from PPB "VASO", and 40 maize populations from the Azores, that were obtained in a collecting mission in 1979, kept ex-situ in BPGV (Banco Português de Germoplasma Vegetal) until 2018, then multiplied at ESAC low input organic field. (Bettencourt and Gusmão, 1982; Mendes-Moreira et al, 2017).Registered data included Grain yield and Phenotypic evaluations using HUNTERS descriptor (Plant Height, Uniformity, Leaf aNgle, Tassel, Ear placement, Root and Stalk lodging) Grain yield ranged from 2,1 Mg/ha to 10,5 Mg/ha, with significantly higher values in Macieira de Lixa. The CCP BulkAzores2 achieved yield stability across environments, indicating that heterogeneous populations had the potential to buffer the environment effect. In addition, the tested populations showed significant phenotypic differences among populations for Plant Height, Ear placement, and Stalking lodging, unveiling diversity and breeding potential to adapt to sustainable agriculture and to low input marginal areas, where the use of heterogeneous populations can extend the network of suitable maize environments.
The Participatory Plant Breeding Program “VASO” (Sousa Valley in Portugal) started in the 80s with the purpose of valorizing Portuguese maize Landraces for farmers’ needs, which included the use of maize for maize bread. ESAC-IPC (Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra) supported by ADERSOUSA carry on the “VASO” PPB work with farmers and stakeholders from Sousa Valley, ensured seed multiplication, and test the agronomic potential of the maize Landraces derived from PPB "VASO" to meet the needs of sustainable agriculture in the context of climate change.The study aims to: phenotypically characterize, test the agronomic behavior and adaptation of the Landraces and CCPs in two trials; Organic vs Conventional: in two locations distance 1.3 km and intended to compare two agriculture systems low input organic agriculture versus conventional agriculture (50 accessions); On-farm PPB trial: in two farmer’s locations in Sousa Valley (10 accessions).The germplasm used included 52 maize Landraces: 9 open-pollinated populations, 1 composite cross population (CCP) derived from PPB "VASO", and 40 maize populations from the Azores, that were obtained in a collecting mission in 1979, kept ex-situ in BPGV (Banco Português de Germoplasma Vegetal) until 2018, then multiplied at ESAC low input organic field. (Bettencourt and Gusmão, 1982; Mendes-Moreira et al, 2017).Registered data included Grain yield and Phenotypic evaluations using HUNTERS descriptor (Plant Height, Uniformity, Leaf aNgle, Tassel, Ear placement, Root and Stalk lodging) Grain yield ranged from 2,1 Mg/ha to 10,5 Mg/ha, with significantly higher values in Macieira de Lixa. The CCP BulkAzores2 achieved yield stability across environments, indicating that heterogeneous populations had the potential to buffer the environment effect. In addition, the tested populations showed significant phenotypic differences among populations for Plant Height, Ear placement, and Stalking lodging, unveiling diversity and breeding potential to adapt to sustainable agriculture and to low input marginal areas, where the use of heterogeneous populations can extend the network of suitable maize environments.
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Keywords
Maize Landraces Organic Farming Populações de polinização livre VASO Project