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A tração ortopédica anterior maxilar é uma abordagem amplamente utilizada no tratamento de maloclusões de Classe III, que se caracterizam por retrognatia maxilar e/ou prognatia mandibular. Este tratamento, que visa promover um correto desenvolvimento sagital maxilar, apresenta maior eficácia se efetuado precocemente, em idades jovens, o que pode contribuir para a diminuição da necessidade de cirurgia ortognática (Tabellion & Lisson, 2024)(Miao et al., 2021).
Com o propósito de estimular o avanço do maxilar superior, a tração maxilar pode ser efetuada recorrendo a diferentes aparelhos, nomeadamente, a tração maxilar extra-oral, pelo uso de aparelho expansor fixo dento-suportado ou aparelhos com ancoragem esquelética. Ambas as técnicas recorrem à máscara facial para realizar a tração anterior da maxila (Aǧlarcl et al., 2016).
A máscara facial, introduzida por Delaire, é um protocolo extra-oral indicado em situações de compromisso do maxilar superior, geralmente associado ao aparelho de expansão Hyrax. No entanto, este tratamento pode acarretar efeitos dentários indesejados (Nienkemper et al., 2013).
Deste modo, com o propósito de minimizar os efeitos dentários adversos, observados em protocolos convencionais, foram desenvolvidos dispositivos de tração maxilar com ancoragem esquelética. Esta aparatologia é particularmente vantajosa em pacientes com necessidades ortopédicas mais severas (Tabellion & Lisson, 2024) (De Guzmán-Barrera et al., 2017) .
Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão narrativa sobre os protocolos ortodônticos de tração maxilar anterior, utilizando máscara facial com ou sem ancoragem esquelética, no tratamento da má oclusão classe III esquelética, em pacientes em fase de crescimento, com o intuito de descrever e comparar as indicações, vantagens e desvantagens das duas opções terapêuticas.
A pesquisa será efetuada através das bases de dados PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Scielo e Medline.
Maxillary anterior orthopedic traction is a widely used approach in the treatment of Class III malocclusions, which are characterized by maxillary retrognathia and/or mandibular prognathia. This treatment, which aims to promote correct sagittal maxillary development, is more effective if performed early, at a young age, which can help reduce the need for orthognathic surgery (Tabellion & Lisson, 2024) (Miao et al., 2021). In order to stimulate the advancement of the upper jaw, maxillary traction can be carried out using different appliances, namely extra-oral maxillary traction, using a fixed tooth-supported expander appliance or skeletally anchored appliances. Both techniques use a facemask to perform anterior maxillary traction (Aǧlarcl et al., 2016). The facemask, introduced by Delaire, is an extra-oral protocol indicated in situations of upper jaw compromise, usually associated with the Hyrax expansion appliance. However, this treatment can lead to unwanted dental effects (Nienkemper et al., 2013). Thus, in order to minimize the adverse dental effects observed in conventional protocols, maxillary traction devices with skeletal anchorage have been developed. This device is particularly advantageous in patients with more severe orthopedic needs (Tabellion & Lisson, 2024) (De Guzmán-Barrera et al., 2017). Thus, the aim of this study is to carry out a narrative review of anterior maxillary traction orthodontic protocols, using a facemask with or without skeletal anchorage, in the treatment of skeletal class III malocclusion in growing patients, with the aim of describing and comparing the indications, advantages and disadvantages of the two therapeutic options. The research will be carried out using the PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Scielo and Medline databases.
Maxillary anterior orthopedic traction is a widely used approach in the treatment of Class III malocclusions, which are characterized by maxillary retrognathia and/or mandibular prognathia. This treatment, which aims to promote correct sagittal maxillary development, is more effective if performed early, at a young age, which can help reduce the need for orthognathic surgery (Tabellion & Lisson, 2024) (Miao et al., 2021). In order to stimulate the advancement of the upper jaw, maxillary traction can be carried out using different appliances, namely extra-oral maxillary traction, using a fixed tooth-supported expander appliance or skeletally anchored appliances. Both techniques use a facemask to perform anterior maxillary traction (Aǧlarcl et al., 2016). The facemask, introduced by Delaire, is an extra-oral protocol indicated in situations of upper jaw compromise, usually associated with the Hyrax expansion appliance. However, this treatment can lead to unwanted dental effects (Nienkemper et al., 2013). Thus, in order to minimize the adverse dental effects observed in conventional protocols, maxillary traction devices with skeletal anchorage have been developed. This device is particularly advantageous in patients with more severe orthopedic needs (Tabellion & Lisson, 2024) (De Guzmán-Barrera et al., 2017). Thus, the aim of this study is to carry out a narrative review of anterior maxillary traction orthodontic protocols, using a facemask with or without skeletal anchorage, in the treatment of skeletal class III malocclusion in growing patients, with the aim of describing and comparing the indications, advantages and disadvantages of the two therapeutic options. The research will be carried out using the PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Scielo and Medline databases.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Tração maxilar Classe III Máscara facial Ancoragem esquelética
