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Atrás da linha amarela: consequências da exposição a ocorrências traumáticas na saúde dos polícias da Divisão de Segurança aos Transportes Públicos da PSP de Lisboa
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A atividade policial implica uma exposição frequente a situações de elevada exigência emocional, entre as quais se incluem ocorrências que, pela sua natureza e gravidade,
raramente estão presentes noutras profissões com a mesma regularidade. Para os polícias da Divisão de Segurança a Transportes Públicos (DSTP) do Comando Metropolitano de Lisboa (COMETLIS), essa realidade assume contornos específicos, uma vez que atuar em contexto ferroviário e metropolitano significa intervir em primeira linha em situações que frequentemente envolvem mortes violentas e elevada complexidade operacional. O contacto com este tipo de acontecimentos pode constituir uma fonte significativa de stress para os polícias, com possíveis repercussões ao nível psicológico, físico e comportamental. O presente estudo analisou de que forma os polícias da DSTP do COMETLIS vivenciam e são afetados pela exposição a ocorrências com vítimas mortais ou feridos graves em contexto ferroviário e metropolitano. Para tal, realizou-se um estudo qualitativo, através da análise de conteúdo de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas a 20 polícias desta divisão policial, procurando identificar não só as consequências sentidas, mas também as estratégias utilizadas para lidar com essas experiências. Os resultados evidenciam que os impactos referidos pelos participantes se situam sobretudo ao nível psicológico, destacando-se manifestações associadas à fadiga por compaixão, nomeadamente o choque emocional, à ansiedade e ao trauma secundário, frequentemente relacionadas com a natureza das ocorrências, com a falta de formação específica e com a perceção de um apoio psicológico institucional nem sempre suficiente.
Police work involves frequent exposure to highly emotionally demanding situations, including incidents which, due to their nature and severity, are rarely encountered in other professions with the same regularity. For officers in the Public Transport Security Division (DSTP) of the Lisbon Metropolitan Police Command (COMETLIS), this reality takes on specific characteristics, as working in a rail and metro context means being on the front line in situations that frequently involve violent deaths and high operational complexity. Exposure to such incidents can be a significant source of stress for police officers, with potential psychological, physical and behavioural repercussions. This study examined how police officers from the DSTP of COMETLIS experience and are affected by exposure to incidents involving fatalities or serious injuries in a railway and metropolitan context. To this end, a qualitative study was conducted using content analysis of semi-structured interviews with 20 police officers from this police division, seeking to identify not only the consequences experienced but also the strategies used to cope with these experiences. The results show that the impacts reported by the participants are primarily psychological in nature, with particular emphasis on manifestations associated with compassion fatigue, namely emotional shock, anxiety and secondary trauma, often linked to the nature of the incidents, a lack of specific training and the perception that institutional psychological support is not always sufficient.
Police work involves frequent exposure to highly emotionally demanding situations, including incidents which, due to their nature and severity, are rarely encountered in other professions with the same regularity. For officers in the Public Transport Security Division (DSTP) of the Lisbon Metropolitan Police Command (COMETLIS), this reality takes on specific characteristics, as working in a rail and metro context means being on the front line in situations that frequently involve violent deaths and high operational complexity. Exposure to such incidents can be a significant source of stress for police officers, with potential psychological, physical and behavioural repercussions. This study examined how police officers from the DSTP of COMETLIS experience and are affected by exposure to incidents involving fatalities or serious injuries in a railway and metropolitan context. To this end, a qualitative study was conducted using content analysis of semi-structured interviews with 20 police officers from this police division, seeking to identify not only the consequences experienced but also the strategies used to cope with these experiences. The results show that the impacts reported by the participants are primarily psychological in nature, with particular emphasis on manifestations associated with compassion fatigue, namely emotional shock, anxiety and secondary trauma, often linked to the nature of the incidents, a lack of specific training and the perception that institutional psychological support is not always sufficient.
Descrição
Mestrado em Ciências Policiais - Curso de Formação de Oficiais de Polícia.
Palavras-chave
ocorrências traumáticas stress polícia de segurança pública saúde mental atividade policial mental health police work public security police stress traumatic events