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O conflito no Teatro de Operações da Ucrânia tem evidenciado a relevância dos Sistemas Aéreos Não Tripulados de Classe I, enquanto vetor de transformação do campo de batalha. A utilização eficaz destes sistemas pelas partes contendoras em missões de vigilância e ataque, tem exposto por sua vez as limitações dos sistemas de Defesa Aérea quanto à proteção da força. Neste contexto, a presente investigação procurou estudar a necessidade de adaptação da Artilharia Antiaérea do Exército português para enfrentar esta ameaça, através da Capacidade Contra Sistemas Aéreos Não Tripulados (C-SANT), circunscrita ao vetor material. A investigação seguiu um raciocínio dedutivo assente numa estratégia de investigação qualitativa e num desenho de pesquisa de estudo de caso, através da análise documental e da realização de entrevistas a especialistas. Verificou-se que a ameaça se caracteriza, predominantemente, por sistemas da categoria Mini, multirotor, com dimensão mediana de 0,815 metros, velocidades de 28 metros por segundo e alcances medianos de 20 quilómetros, com tendência para a autonomização e emprego em massa. Conclui-se que os sistemas C-SANT deverão integrar uma arquitetura variada de sensores, combinados com effectors cinéticos e não cinéticos, com capacidade de atualização tecnológica, de forma a assegurar a eficácia perante a ameaça analisada.
The conflict in the Ukrainian Theatre of Operations has underscored the importance of Class I Unmanned Aircraft Systems, as a means of transforming the battlefield. The opposing forces' effective employment of these systems in both surveillance and strike missions has, in turn, exposed the limitations of traditional Air Defence systems in providing force protection. In this context, the present research examined the need to adapt the Portuguese Army's Air Defence Artillery in response to this threat, focusing specifically on the Counter Unmanned Aircraft Systems (C-UAS) capability, limited to the material dimension. The research adopted a deductive approach, employing a qualitative methodology and a case study design, through document analysis and semi-structured interviews with subject matter experts. The findings indicate that the threat is predominantly characterised by multi-rotor systems within the Mini category, with a median size of 0.815 metres, speeds of 28 metres per second, and median ranges of 20 kilometres, displaying a trend towards increased autonomy and mass deployment. It is concluded that C-UAS systems should comprise a diverse architecture of sensors, integrated with kinetic and non-kinetic effectors, and possess the capacity for technological modernisation to maintain effectiveness against the identified threat.
The conflict in the Ukrainian Theatre of Operations has underscored the importance of Class I Unmanned Aircraft Systems, as a means of transforming the battlefield. The opposing forces' effective employment of these systems in both surveillance and strike missions has, in turn, exposed the limitations of traditional Air Defence systems in providing force protection. In this context, the present research examined the need to adapt the Portuguese Army's Air Defence Artillery in response to this threat, focusing specifically on the Counter Unmanned Aircraft Systems (C-UAS) capability, limited to the material dimension. The research adopted a deductive approach, employing a qualitative methodology and a case study design, through document analysis and semi-structured interviews with subject matter experts. The findings indicate that the threat is predominantly characterised by multi-rotor systems within the Mini category, with a median size of 0.815 metres, speeds of 28 metres per second, and median ranges of 20 kilometres, displaying a trend towards increased autonomy and mass deployment. It is concluded that C-UAS systems should comprise a diverse architecture of sensors, integrated with kinetic and non-kinetic effectors, and possess the capacity for technological modernisation to maintain effectiveness against the identified threat.
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IUM
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