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Crise de Autoridade? Estudo das ocorrências de resistência e coação sobre funcionário
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Abstract(s)
Nas sociedades democráticas contemporâneas, a Polícia, enquanto representante do Estado, esforça-se por revestir o poder (que lhe é atribuído) de autoridade, assente nos princípios de legitimidade e legalidade. Porém, como resultado das transformações sociais ocorridas ao longo dos anos, é visível a desinstitucionalização galopante e a desregulação crescente da vida social, o que acarreta uma (aparente) crise de autoridade, que afeta não só a Polícia, como as restantes instituições de controlo social formal e informal.
Propusemo-nos estudar o crime de resistência e coação sobre funcionário (RCSF), encarado como um indicador, ainda que indireto, do esbatimento das regulações sociais e, particularmente, dos sistemas de controlo social formal. Neste contexto, o ilícito criminal é entendido enquanto conduta suscetível de evidenciar manifestações de desregulação social nas sociedades contemporâneas, pelo que procuramos perceber se é possível estabelecer um padrão nas ocorrências de RCSF que permita prevenir e atuar sobre este problema social, recorrendo a uma análise tripartida (macro, meso e microssistémica).
Com a pretensão de estudar o crime de RCSF, segundo estes três níveis de análise, para averiguar a existência ou não de regularidades sociais, optamos por uma abordagem mista, onde concorrem, simultaneamente, duas dimensões: uma quantitativa (que se evidencia) e uma qualitativa. Deste modo, do ponto de vista metodológico, recorremos a um método misto através da combinação de tendências estatísticas com análise documental, proporcionando, assim, um melhor entendimento do problema de investigação.
Os resultados alcançados permitem observar a existência de diversidades, nomeadamente nos âmbitos geográfico, comportamental e situacional. Contudo, essa diversidade revelou um conjunto de padrões transgressores associados a perfis sociais, contribuindo, efetivamente, para clarificar a ilicitude como expressão de uma regularidade social, i.e., como uma soma de acontecimentos. De destacar que, com os dados obtidos no decorrer da presente investigação, refutamos a ideia de que a ocorrência do crime de RCSF (e dos crimes contra a autoridades pública) está indelével e quase exclusivamente associada às grandes cidades e aos espaços urbanos.
In contemporary democratic societies, the Police, as a representative of the State, endeavors to put the power (assigned to it) of authority, based on the principles of legitimacy and legality. However, as a result of the social transformations that have occurred over the years, is visible the rampant deinstitutionalization and the growing deregulation of social life, which leads to an (apparent) crisis of authority, which affects not only the Police, but the other formal and informal social control institutions. We proposed to study the crime of resistance and coercion against employees (RCSF), seen as an indicator, even if an indirect one, of the fading of social regulations and, particularly, of formal social control systems. In this context, the criminal offense is understood as a conduct capable of showing manifestations of social deregulation in contemporary societies, so we tried to understand if it is possible to establish a pattern in the occurrences of RCSF that allows to prevent and act on this social problem, using a tripartite analysis (macro, meso and microsystemic). With the intention of studying the crime of RCSF, according to these three levels of analysis, to ascertain whether or not social regularities exist, we opted for a mixed approach, where two dimensions simultaneously exist: a quantitative one (which is evident) and a qualitative. Thus, from a methodological point of view, we used a mixed method by combining statistical trends with documentary analysis, thus providing a better understanding of the research problem. The results achieved allow us to observe the existence of diversities, namely in the geographical, behavioral and situational spheres. However, this diversity revealed a set of transgressive patterns associated with social profiles, effectively contributing to clarify illegality as an expression of social regularity, i.e., as a sum of events. It should be noted that, with the data obtained in the course of this investigation, we refute the idea that the occurrence of the crime of RCSF (and crimes against public authorities) is indelible and almost exclusively associated with large cities and urban spaces.
In contemporary democratic societies, the Police, as a representative of the State, endeavors to put the power (assigned to it) of authority, based on the principles of legitimacy and legality. However, as a result of the social transformations that have occurred over the years, is visible the rampant deinstitutionalization and the growing deregulation of social life, which leads to an (apparent) crisis of authority, which affects not only the Police, but the other formal and informal social control institutions. We proposed to study the crime of resistance and coercion against employees (RCSF), seen as an indicator, even if an indirect one, of the fading of social regulations and, particularly, of formal social control systems. In this context, the criminal offense is understood as a conduct capable of showing manifestations of social deregulation in contemporary societies, so we tried to understand if it is possible to establish a pattern in the occurrences of RCSF that allows to prevent and act on this social problem, using a tripartite analysis (macro, meso and microsystemic). With the intention of studying the crime of RCSF, according to these three levels of analysis, to ascertain whether or not social regularities exist, we opted for a mixed approach, where two dimensions simultaneously exist: a quantitative one (which is evident) and a qualitative. Thus, from a methodological point of view, we used a mixed method by combining statistical trends with documentary analysis, thus providing a better understanding of the research problem. The results achieved allow us to observe the existence of diversities, namely in the geographical, behavioral and situational spheres. However, this diversity revealed a set of transgressive patterns associated with social profiles, effectively contributing to clarify illegality as an expression of social regularity, i.e., as a sum of events. It should be noted that, with the data obtained in the course of this investigation, we refute the idea that the occurrence of the crime of RCSF (and crimes against public authorities) is indelible and almost exclusively associated with large cities and urban spaces.
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Keywords
controlo social polícia autoridade desregulações sociais crime de rcsf