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Publication
O impacto da técnica dialítica na imagem corporal do cliente com doença renal crónica.
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
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| 10.94 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A doença crónica compreende cerca de 40% a 45% das doenças sinalizadas em
Portugal, e a tendência é que este número continue em cinética ascendente (Plano
Nacional de Saúde, 2021-2023). Os clientes que sofrem destas doenças necessitam
diariamente de polimedicação, produtos e materiais que são imprescindíveis à sua
sobrevivência, tratamento e qualidade de vida. A doença renal crónica é uma delas. O
Despacho n.º 12635/2023, revela que as implicações clínicas e sociais na doença renal
crónica são significativas, necessitando de terapias complexas, exigentes e prolongadas.
Notavelmente, Portugal apresenta uma elevada prevalência de clientes em
tratamento substitutivo da função renal, nomeadamente em hemodiálise e em crescente
na diálise peritoneal – tratamentos que implicam a construção ou inserção de um acesso
de diálise e que resultam em grandes alterações no estilo de vida do cliente. Este relatório
procura, através de uma Scoping Review e da prática clínica, averiguar qual o impacto das
técnicas dialíticas na imagem corporal do cliente com doença crónica renal, bem como
refletir sobre o percurso vivenciado ao longo dos campos de estágio selecionados. A
presente investigação insere-se, assim, no contexto do desenvolvimento de
competências de mestre, bem como das competências comuns e específicas do
Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica na área de enfermagem à
Pessoa em Situação Crónica.
Os resultados demonstram um impacto significativo nas dimensões físicas e
psicossociais do cliente. O acesso de diálise altera de imediato a perceção que este tem
de si próprio, surgindo ainda outras alterações físicas que potenciam emoções negativas,
levando à diminuição da autoconfiança, ao aumento da ansiedade e à depressão. Com
efeito, a deterioração gradual inerente à doença renal e a necessidade contínua de
tratamentos favorece o isolamento e a desvalorização social.
Caberá ao enfermeiro ter um papel fundamental na prestação de cuidados,
procurando desenvolver técnicas adaptativas, promover conexões sociais, oferecer apoio
contínuo e estabelecer políticas de saúde que permitam colmatar as necessidades destes
clientes.
Chronic diseases comprise around 40% to 45% of the diseases currently reported in Portugal, and this number is expected to continue to rise (Plano Nacional de Saúde, 2021-2023). Patients that suffer from these diseases require daily polymedication and materials that are essential for their survival, treatment and quality of life. Chronic kidney disease is one of them. Despacho no. 12635/2023 reveals that the clinical and social implications of chronic kidney disease are significant, requiring complex, demanding and prolonged therapies. Notably, Portugal has a high prevalence of patients undergoing renal function replacement treatment, namely hemodialysis and, increasingly, peritoneal dialysis – treatments that involve the insertion of a dialysis access and that result in major changes in the patient's lifestyle. Through a scoping review and clinical practice, this report aims to ascertain the impact of dialysis techniques on the body image of patients with chronic kidney disease. The present investigation is, therefore, conducted in the context of the development of nurse master's skills, as well as common and specific skills of the Specialist Medical-Surgical Nurse, in the specific area of Patient in Chronic Situations. The results demonstrate a significant impact on the patient’s physical and psychosocial dimensions. Access to dialysis immediately changes the person's perception of themselves, which together with other physical changes lead to negative emotions, leading to a decrease in self-confidence, increased anxiety and depression. In effect, the gradual deterioration inherent to kidney disease and the continuous need for treatments favours isolation and social devaluation. It is up to the nurse to play a fundamental role in providing care, developing adaptive techniques, promoting social connections, offering continuous support and establishing health policies that allow to cater to the needs of these patients.
Chronic diseases comprise around 40% to 45% of the diseases currently reported in Portugal, and this number is expected to continue to rise (Plano Nacional de Saúde, 2021-2023). Patients that suffer from these diseases require daily polymedication and materials that are essential for their survival, treatment and quality of life. Chronic kidney disease is one of them. Despacho no. 12635/2023 reveals that the clinical and social implications of chronic kidney disease are significant, requiring complex, demanding and prolonged therapies. Notably, Portugal has a high prevalence of patients undergoing renal function replacement treatment, namely hemodialysis and, increasingly, peritoneal dialysis – treatments that involve the insertion of a dialysis access and that result in major changes in the patient's lifestyle. Through a scoping review and clinical practice, this report aims to ascertain the impact of dialysis techniques on the body image of patients with chronic kidney disease. The present investigation is, therefore, conducted in the context of the development of nurse master's skills, as well as common and specific skills of the Specialist Medical-Surgical Nurse, in the specific area of Patient in Chronic Situations. The results demonstrate a significant impact on the patient’s physical and psychosocial dimensions. Access to dialysis immediately changes the person's perception of themselves, which together with other physical changes lead to negative emotions, leading to a decrease in self-confidence, increased anxiety and depression. In effect, the gradual deterioration inherent to kidney disease and the continuous need for treatments favours isolation and social devaluation. It is up to the nurse to play a fundamental role in providing care, developing adaptive techniques, promoting social connections, offering continuous support and establishing health policies that allow to cater to the needs of these patients.
Description
Keywords
Enfermagem em nefrologia Insuficiência renal crónica Imagem corporal Competência profissional Enfermeiros Técnicas e procedimentos diagnósticos