| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.11 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A colocação de implantes na região anterior da maxila é frequentemente desafiante, devido a diversas variáveis que influenciam aspetos estéticos e funcionais das reabilitações, havendo muitas vezes necessidade de recorrer a procedimentos regenerativos complexos.
O canal nasopalatino (NPC) é uma referência anatómica crucial nesta região, podendo condicionar o posicionamento tridimensional ideal dos implantes. Este localiza-se na linha média da maxila e ligeiramente posterior aos incisivos centrais superiores, sendo responsável por conectar a cavidade oral com a cavidade nasal. Contém o nervo e a artéria nasopalatinos, responsáveis pela inervação e vascularização da região anterior do palato. A morfologia do NPC pode variar consoante a idade, o sexo e a condição óssea da maxila. O seu comprimento e diâmetro podem variar devido à reabsorção óssea provocada pela ausência de dentes, sendo comum um aumento do diâmetro do canal em áreas edêntulas.
Em alguns casos, pode ser necessário o esvaziamento do NPC de forma a permitir o posicionamento ideal dos implantes, com ou sem enxerto ósseo associado. Em pacientes edêntulos com atrofia severa da maxila, a ancoragem de implantes no próprio NPC surge como alternativa a procedimentos regenerativos ósseos complexos, proporcionando suporte anterior adicional para melhorar a biomecânica da reabilitação.
Para a colocação de implantes no NPC, é imprescindível a realização de uma análise cuidadosa da sua morfologia, um planeamento detalhado e uma execução rigorosa, garantindo assim resultados satisfatórios em termos estéticos, fonéticos e funcionais.
A literatura disponível indica uma taxa de sucesso de 84,6% a 100%, com complicações mínimas, como hiperestesia e hipoestesia temporárias, que tendem a resolver-se espontaneamente em poucas semanas.
A técnica de ancoragem de implantes no NPC é particularmente indicada em pacientes com atrofia severa na região anterior da maxila, onde os implantes convencionais não seriam viáveis sem recorrer a procedimentos mais invasivos, oferecendo uma alternativa válida, previsível e com menor morbilidade.
Implant placement in the anterior maxillary region is challenging due to various factors that influence the aesthetic and functional aspects of rehabilitation, often requiring more complex regenerative procedures. The nasopalatine canal (NPC) is a crucial anatomical landmark in this region, potentially affecting the ideal three-dimensional positioning of implants. It is located in the midline of the maxilla, slightly posterior to the upper central incisors, and connects the oral cavity to the nasal cavity. The NPC contains the nasopalatine nerve and artery, which are responsible for the innervation and vascularization of the anterior palatal region. The morphology of the NPC can vary according to age, sex, and the maxillary bone condition. Its length and diameter may change due to bone resorption caused by tooth loss, with an increase in canal diameter commonly observed in edentulous areas. In certain cases, the NPC may need to be emptied to enable the ideal positioning of implants, with or without bone grafting. In edentulous patients with severe maxillary atrophy, anchoring implants directly in the NPC emerges as an alternative to more complex bone regeneration procedures, offering additional anterior support to enhance the biomechanics of the implant-supported prosthesis. For implant placement in the NPC, a careful analysis of its morphology, detailed planning, and meticulous execution are essential to ensure satisfactory aesthetic, phonetic, and functional outcomes. Studies indicate a success rate ranging from 84.6% to 100%, with minimal complications such as temporary sensory alterations (hyperesthesia and hypoesthesia) that typically resolve spontaneously within a few weeks. The technique of anchoring implants in the nasopalatine canal is particularly recommended for patients with severe atrophy in the anterior maxillary region, where conventional implants would not be viable without resorting to more invasive procedures. This approach offers a valid and predictable alternative with reduced morbidity.
Implant placement in the anterior maxillary region is challenging due to various factors that influence the aesthetic and functional aspects of rehabilitation, often requiring more complex regenerative procedures. The nasopalatine canal (NPC) is a crucial anatomical landmark in this region, potentially affecting the ideal three-dimensional positioning of implants. It is located in the midline of the maxilla, slightly posterior to the upper central incisors, and connects the oral cavity to the nasal cavity. The NPC contains the nasopalatine nerve and artery, which are responsible for the innervation and vascularization of the anterior palatal region. The morphology of the NPC can vary according to age, sex, and the maxillary bone condition. Its length and diameter may change due to bone resorption caused by tooth loss, with an increase in canal diameter commonly observed in edentulous areas. In certain cases, the NPC may need to be emptied to enable the ideal positioning of implants, with or without bone grafting. In edentulous patients with severe maxillary atrophy, anchoring implants directly in the NPC emerges as an alternative to more complex bone regeneration procedures, offering additional anterior support to enhance the biomechanics of the implant-supported prosthesis. For implant placement in the NPC, a careful analysis of its morphology, detailed planning, and meticulous execution are essential to ensure satisfactory aesthetic, phonetic, and functional outcomes. Studies indicate a success rate ranging from 84.6% to 100%, with minimal complications such as temporary sensory alterations (hyperesthesia and hypoesthesia) that typically resolve spontaneously within a few weeks. The technique of anchoring implants in the nasopalatine canal is particularly recommended for patients with severe atrophy in the anterior maxillary region, where conventional implants would not be viable without resorting to more invasive procedures. This approach offers a valid and predictable alternative with reduced morbidity.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Implantes Maxila atrófica Canal nasopalatino Reabilitação
