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O turismo e os Jogos Olímpicos de 1936 : imagens e representações durante a Alemanha nazi
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Abstract(s)
A imagem de um determinado destino turístico pode ser criada por qualquer indivíduo e é um fator crucial para os turistas decidirem para onde querem viajar (Cooper et al, Echtner e Richie, Frochot e Legohére, Kim e Richardson e Kozak, mencionados por El Kadhi 2009, p.14). Deste modo, entende-se o porquê de os destinos turísticos criarem uma imagem própria, uma vez que é uma das principais maneiras de atrair turistas. Com o início da I Guerra Mundial, o turismo tornou-se raro ou quase inexistente em todos os países, mas finda a guerra, e numa Europa que passava por algumas transformações culturais, a atividade voltou a ser tida em consideração. Em 1933, o partido nazi subiu ao poder na Alemanha e, já antes da II Guerra Mundial, Adolf Hitler tinha a consciência da importância do turismo não só para desenvolver a economia do país, como também para a propaganda deste novo regime e na transmissão da imagem de uma “nova” Alemanha. A ideologia de Hitler desejava que o turismo e os Jogos Olímpicos de 1936 na Alemanha veiculassem novas interpretações históricas, que estivessem, claramente, relacionadas com o regime nazi. O regime queria que os turistas tivessem uma determinada imagem da Alemanha, como sendo um país que estava a emergir do fracasso da I Guerra Mundial.
A presente investigação visa analisar de que maneira Hitler utilizou o turismo e os Jogos Olímpicos de 1936 para apagar o passado alemão no pós-I Guerra Mundial e ajudar a divulgar a “nova” Alemanha de Hitler.
The image of a certain destination can be created by any individual. The image destination is a crucial factor so that tourists can decide where to travel (Cooper et al, Echtner e Richie, Frochot e Legohére, Kim e Richardson e Kozak, as mentioned by El Kadhi 2009, p.14). So, it is easy to understand why many destinations develop an image of themselves, so that they can attract tourists to visit their countries. Tourism was rare in every countries during the First World War, but when it ended the activity was taken in concern again. In 1933, the Nazi party rose to power and even before the Second World War, Adolf Hitler was aware of the importance of tourism, not only for the economy of the country, but also for the propaganda of the new regime and for the transmission of an image of a “new” Germany. Hitler’s ideology wanted that tourism and the Olympic Games in 1936 in Germany would be based on new history interpretations and new attractions, that were related with the Nazi regime. The regime wanted tourists to have a certain image of Germany and this present dissertation studies how Hitler used tourism and the Olympic Games in 1936 to erase the past of Germany in the First World War and to help spreading the “new” Germany of Hitler.
The image of a certain destination can be created by any individual. The image destination is a crucial factor so that tourists can decide where to travel (Cooper et al, Echtner e Richie, Frochot e Legohére, Kim e Richardson e Kozak, as mentioned by El Kadhi 2009, p.14). So, it is easy to understand why many destinations develop an image of themselves, so that they can attract tourists to visit their countries. Tourism was rare in every countries during the First World War, but when it ended the activity was taken in concern again. In 1933, the Nazi party rose to power and even before the Second World War, Adolf Hitler was aware of the importance of tourism, not only for the economy of the country, but also for the propaganda of the new regime and for the transmission of an image of a “new” Germany. Hitler’s ideology wanted that tourism and the Olympic Games in 1936 in Germany would be based on new history interpretations and new attractions, that were related with the Nazi regime. The regime wanted tourists to have a certain image of Germany and this present dissertation studies how Hitler used tourism and the Olympic Games in 1936 to erase the past of Germany in the First World War and to help spreading the “new” Germany of Hitler.
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Keywords
Imagem do Destino Turismo Jogos Olímpicos Nazismo Propaganda Image destination Tourism Olympic games Nazism