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Produção e caracterização de argamassas com RCD reforçadas com fibra de Sisal
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Abstract(s)
O desenvolvimento sustentável, como projeto político e social da humanidade, tem promovido a orientação de esforços no sentido de encontrar uma solução para as questões da sustentabilidade. A aplicação na engenharia de materiais de baixo custo de produção e de reduzido consumo de energia tornou-se, atualmente, uma exigência básica. Neste sentido, a dissertação em apreço direciona-se para as questões ambientais, na medida em que pretende estar de acordo com as questões do desenvolvimento sustentável. Neste caso, o aproveitamento dos Resíduos da Construção e Demolição (RCD) contribuirá para evitar a colocação do referido material na natureza. O uso desses resíduos evitará a deposição dos mesmos em aterro, de forma muitas vezes irregular, e colaborará no aumento da taxa de reciclagem em Portugal. Por outro lado, tem-se o Sisal, planta Agave Sisalana, em abundância no Brasil e com concentração de 80% no Estado da Bahia. Dessa planta extraem-se as fibras. Além das fibras, pode-se aproveitar a polpa para outras finalidades. A argamassa com RCD e reforçada com fibras de Sisal contribuirá para questões sustentáveis, uma vez que essa argamassa será constituída por material reciclado e por sisal, material abundante na natureza.
A campanha laboratorial promoveu a produção de 9 tipos de argamassas: de cimento e agregado natural fino (como referência), com substituição de 50% e 100% de agregado fino natural por agregado reciclado fino e, em cada uma delas, com adição de 1% e 2% de fibra de sisal, com 30 mm de comprimento, em relação à massa de ligante. Ensaios de espalhamento, massa volúmica, teor de ar, ultrassom (módulo de elasticidade dinâmica), resistência mecânica, condutibilidade térmica, arrancamento em tijolos, porosidade aberta e absorção de água por capilaridade foram realizados nas argamassas.
Os resultados decorrentes dos ensaios referenciados, permitiu observar que, a utilização de agregado reciclado sobre a argamassa originou um aumento da resistência à compressão, elevação na capilaridade e incremento na porosidade. Na maioria dos casos, o funcionamento dos materiais compósitos, com fibras, está baseado na transferência de tensões entre a fibra de reforço e a argamassa, que permite que sejam atingidas grandes deformações antes da rutura do elemento construtivo, mesmo após a argamassa estar fendilhada, isso verificou-se durante todos os ensaios de tração e compressão, obtendo resultados excelentes nos provetes com fibras e agregados reciclados finos. Os resultados obtidos no ensaio de condutibilidade térmica consideram-se aceitáveis, onde houve uma considerável melhora.
Sustainable development, as a political and social project, has prompted efforts to find solutions to sustainability issues. The application of low-cost production materials and low energy consumption has now become a basic requirement in engineering. In this sense, the present dissertation addresses environmental issues, as it intends to be aligned with the issues of sustainable development. In this case, the use of Construction and Demolition Waste (RCD) will help to prevent the disposal of this material in nature contributing to improve its life-cycle. The use of these wastes will prevent their landfilling, often irregularly, and will help to increase the recycling rate in Portugal. On the other hand, there is the Sisal, Agave Sisalana. This is a common plant in Brazil, with 80% of its production occurring in the state of Bahia, from which are extracted fibers. In addition to fibers, pulp can be used for other purposes. The RCD and Sisal fiber-reinforced in the mortar will contribute to sustainable issues, as this mortar will consist of recycled material and Sisal, a material abundant in nature. A laboratory campaign promotes the production of 9 types of mortars: cement and fine natural aggregate (as a reference), replacing 50% and 100% of fine natural aggregate by fine recycled aggregate and with 1% and 2% sisal fiber, 30 mm long, in relation to the binder mass. Scattering, density, air content, ultrasound (electrical modulus of elasticity), mechanical resistance, thermal conductivity, brick organization, open porosity and capillary water absorption tests were performed in the mortars. The results of the referenced tests showed that the use of recycled aggregates on a mortar resulted in increased compressive strength, increased capillarity and increased porosity. In most cases, the functioning of fiber composite materials is based on the transfer of stresses between a reinforcement fiber and a mortar, which allows large deformations to be achieved before the breaking of the building element even after the mortar is fissured. This was found throughout the splitting tensile and compression strength tests, obtaining excellent results on samples reinforced with fiber and fine recycled aggregates. The values related to thermal conductivity are acceptable, where there was a considerable improvement.
Sustainable development, as a political and social project, has prompted efforts to find solutions to sustainability issues. The application of low-cost production materials and low energy consumption has now become a basic requirement in engineering. In this sense, the present dissertation addresses environmental issues, as it intends to be aligned with the issues of sustainable development. In this case, the use of Construction and Demolition Waste (RCD) will help to prevent the disposal of this material in nature contributing to improve its life-cycle. The use of these wastes will prevent their landfilling, often irregularly, and will help to increase the recycling rate in Portugal. On the other hand, there is the Sisal, Agave Sisalana. This is a common plant in Brazil, with 80% of its production occurring in the state of Bahia, from which are extracted fibers. In addition to fibers, pulp can be used for other purposes. The RCD and Sisal fiber-reinforced in the mortar will contribute to sustainable issues, as this mortar will consist of recycled material and Sisal, a material abundant in nature. A laboratory campaign promotes the production of 9 types of mortars: cement and fine natural aggregate (as a reference), replacing 50% and 100% of fine natural aggregate by fine recycled aggregate and with 1% and 2% sisal fiber, 30 mm long, in relation to the binder mass. Scattering, density, air content, ultrasound (electrical modulus of elasticity), mechanical resistance, thermal conductivity, brick organization, open porosity and capillary water absorption tests were performed in the mortars. The results of the referenced tests showed that the use of recycled aggregates on a mortar resulted in increased compressive strength, increased capillarity and increased porosity. In most cases, the functioning of fiber composite materials is based on the transfer of stresses between a reinforcement fiber and a mortar, which allows large deformations to be achieved before the breaking of the building element even after the mortar is fissured. This was found throughout the splitting tensile and compression strength tests, obtaining excellent results on samples reinforced with fiber and fine recycled aggregates. The values related to thermal conductivity are acceptable, where there was a considerable improvement.
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Keywords
Sustentabilidade Resíduos de Construção e Demolição Fibra Natural Resistência mecânica Condutibilidade térmica Sustainability Construction and Demolition Waste Natural Fiber Mechanical resistance Thermal Conductivity