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Estudo Construtivo e Estrutural de Abóbadas Alentejanas
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Abstract(s)
A construção em alvenaria é uma das técnicas construtivas mais antigas. A sua simplicidade de execução, economia, durabilidade e sustentabilidade, contribuíram para a ampla divulgação deste material compósito. Existe, portanto, um elevado número de estruturas de alvenaria, nas quais as
estruturas arqueadas assumem um papel relevante por permitirem vencer vãos utilizando um material com fraca resistência à tracção.
Com o crescente interesse na conservação do património construído, surgiu a necessidade de estudar um tipo particular de abóbadas existentes em Portugal, denominadas por abobadilhas alentejanas. Estas correspondem a uma solução estrutural de pavimentos e tectos, característica das habitações dos séculos XIX e XX das regiões do Alentejo e Algarve.
Na presente dissertação faz-se o estudo construtivo da abobadilha alentejana, bem como a análise do seu funcionamento estrutural. Estudam-se duas tipologias de abobadilhas: a abobadilha cilíndrica e a abobadilha de engras, tendo-se simulado o seu comportamento estrutural através de modelos numéricos, nos quais se avaliou a resposta destes sistemas a carregamentos assimétricos. Nestas análises, utilizou-se o Método dos Elementos Discretos por permitir a modelação do comportamento não linear da alvenaria e por simular o comportamento estrutural destas estruturas desde o início do carregamento até ao colapso total. Por último, foi elaborado um modelo experimental à escala real com o objectivo de comparar os resultados numéricos com os resultados experimentais.
Das análises numéricas, verificou-se que estas estruturas apresentam uma menor capacidade resistente quando sujeitas a cargas assimétricas, sendo notória a vantagem do enchimento do extradorso no aumento da capacidade de carga destas soluções.
Abstract Masonry is one of the oldest construction techniques. The sustainability, durability, economy and simplicity of the process has contributed towards the widespread use of this composite material. Therefore, nowadays there is a great number of masonry structures, in which the arched structures have a significant role, for allowing to overcome spans using a material with low tensile strength. With the growing interest in the conservation of heritage buildings, it has become necessary to study a specific type of vault in Portugal called “abobadilha”. These are sustainable pavements and ceilings characteristics of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries buildings in the regions of Alentejo and Algarve. This dissertation studies the constructive process of the abobadilha alentejana, as well as the analysis of two different types of this vaults: the barrel vault and the cloister vault. When it comes to structural analysis, numerical models were used to analyse the response of the system when non-symmetric load was applied. Due to masonry behaviour, the Discrete Element Method was applied. It allows the usage of a non-linear behaviour model and can perform the full simulation of the structures behaviour since the load is applied until the structure collapse. An experimental full-scale model was also created, with the objective of comparing the numerical and experimental results. The results showed that, similar to arches, these structures have a low bearing capacity when subjected to non-symmetric loads, and also it was possible to conclude that the filling of the extrados leads to a large increase in load capacity.
Abstract Masonry is one of the oldest construction techniques. The sustainability, durability, economy and simplicity of the process has contributed towards the widespread use of this composite material. Therefore, nowadays there is a great number of masonry structures, in which the arched structures have a significant role, for allowing to overcome spans using a material with low tensile strength. With the growing interest in the conservation of heritage buildings, it has become necessary to study a specific type of vault in Portugal called “abobadilha”. These are sustainable pavements and ceilings characteristics of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries buildings in the regions of Alentejo and Algarve. This dissertation studies the constructive process of the abobadilha alentejana, as well as the analysis of two different types of this vaults: the barrel vault and the cloister vault. When it comes to structural analysis, numerical models were used to analyse the response of the system when non-symmetric load was applied. Due to masonry behaviour, the Discrete Element Method was applied. It allows the usage of a non-linear behaviour model and can perform the full simulation of the structures behaviour since the load is applied until the structure collapse. An experimental full-scale model was also created, with the objective of comparing the numerical and experimental results. The results showed that, similar to arches, these structures have a low bearing capacity when subjected to non-symmetric loads, and also it was possible to conclude that the filling of the extrados leads to a large increase in load capacity.
Description
Keywords
Análise Estrutural Alvenaria Abóbada Abobadilha Método dos Elementos Discretos