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Abstract(s)
A localização estratégica de Portugal no Atlântico, faz dos portos nacionais uma porta de entrada de navios de carga, embarcações de recreio e de pesca. O aumento do tráfego nos portos nacionais, tem alertado diversas entidades (e.g. administração portuária, centros de segurança e salvamento marítimo, responsáveis da navegação a bordo), para o risco de acidentes marítimos em geral, e acidentes nos portos em particular. Por outro lado, dados internacionais recentes indicam um acréscimo de navios envolvidos em acidentes.
Inúmeros são os fatores de risco, estáticos e dinâmicos, que contribuem para o aumento do risco de navegação e condicionam a navegação em águas restritas, devendo por isso, ser monitorizados: fatores de natureza ambiental (e.g. corrente, vento, profundidade, largura do canal, etc.) e de natureza estrutural do navio (e.g. calado, boca, superestrutura, manobrabilidade, etc.).
A presente dissertação visa contribuir para o apoio à navegação em águas restritas e melhoria dos mecanismos de prevenção de encalhes nas zonas portuárias. Para o efeito, foi necessário proceder à análise dos fatores de risco nas vias navegáveis e medir a sua influência, planeada e em tempo real, na navegação. Desta forma, com a obtenção de mapas de risco das vias navegáveis em que um navio se encontra, pretendeu-se ajudar a clarificar o panorama e mitigar a ocorrência de potenciais acidentes.
A solução proposta passou pela conceptualização de um sistema de apoio à decisão, baseado em análise espacial, que fornece apoio à decisão do navegador, na fase de planeamento e durante a condução da navegação em águas restritas. O sistema permite apresentar informação que alerta o operador para o risco de acidente associado às zonas do canal navegáveis. A instanciação de uma prova de conceito, foi efetuada com dados relativos ao Porto de Lisboa, que permitiram definir a interação dos fatores de risco, com os parâmetros de um navio específico, gerando alertas para o navegador e apoiando a tomada de decisões durante o trajeto no canal navegável, mitigando assim, o risco de acidentes.
The strategic location of Portugal in the Atlantic makes the national harbour a door of entry for cargo ships, recreational craft and fishing. Increased traffic in national ports has alerted a number of agencies (e.g. port administration, maritime safety and rescue centers, responsible for navigation on board), the risk of maritime accidents in general, and accidents at ports in particular. On the other hand, recent international data indicate an increasing number of ships involved in accidents. There are a number of static and dynamic risk factors that contribute to increased navigation risk and condition navigation in restricted waters: environmental factors (e.g. current, wind, depth, channel width, etc.) and of a structural nature (e.g. draught, beam, superstructure, manoeuvrability, etc.). The present dissertation aims to contribute to the support of navigation in restricted waters and improvement of the mechanisms of prevention of grounding in the harbour zones. For this purpose, it was necessary to analyse the risk factors in waterways and to measure their influence, planned and real time, in navigation. In this way, by obtaining risk maps of the waterways on which a ship is located, it was intended to help clarify the overview and mitigate the occurrence of potential accidents. The proposed solution was the conceptualization of a system, based on spatial analysis, that provides support for navigator decision, in the planning phase and during navigation in restricted waters. The system provides information that alerts the operator to the risk of an accident associated with the areas of the navigable channel. The introduction of a proof of concept, was done with data related to the Harbour of Lisbon, which allowed to define the interaction of the risk factors, with the parameters of a specific ship, generating alerts for the navigator and supporting the decision making during the route in the navigable channel, thus mitigating the risk of accidents.
The strategic location of Portugal in the Atlantic makes the national harbour a door of entry for cargo ships, recreational craft and fishing. Increased traffic in national ports has alerted a number of agencies (e.g. port administration, maritime safety and rescue centers, responsible for navigation on board), the risk of maritime accidents in general, and accidents at ports in particular. On the other hand, recent international data indicate an increasing number of ships involved in accidents. There are a number of static and dynamic risk factors that contribute to increased navigation risk and condition navigation in restricted waters: environmental factors (e.g. current, wind, depth, channel width, etc.) and of a structural nature (e.g. draught, beam, superstructure, manoeuvrability, etc.). The present dissertation aims to contribute to the support of navigation in restricted waters and improvement of the mechanisms of prevention of grounding in the harbour zones. For this purpose, it was necessary to analyse the risk factors in waterways and to measure their influence, planned and real time, in navigation. In this way, by obtaining risk maps of the waterways on which a ship is located, it was intended to help clarify the overview and mitigate the occurrence of potential accidents. The proposed solution was the conceptualization of a system, based on spatial analysis, that provides support for navigator decision, in the planning phase and during navigation in restricted waters. The system provides information that alerts the operator to the risk of an accident associated with the areas of the navigable channel. The introduction of a proof of concept, was done with data related to the Harbour of Lisbon, which allowed to define the interaction of the risk factors, with the parameters of a specific ship, generating alerts for the navigator and supporting the decision making during the route in the navigable channel, thus mitigating the risk of accidents.
Description
Keywords
Sistemas de Informação Geográfica; Sistemas de Apoio à Decisão; Segurança Marítima; Navegação; Encalhe Geographic Information Systems; Decision Support Systems; Maritime Security;; Navigation; Grounding