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Proteínas de Fase Aguda e Biomarcadores de Stresse Oxidativo em Gatos com Linfoma
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O linfoma é um dos tumores mais comuns em gatos e pode desenvolver-se em qualquer tecido. A etiologia é
multifatorial, e ainda não completamente conhecida, mas diferentes fatores (isolados ou em associação) têm
sido implicados na carcinogénese do linfoma felino, incluindo agentes infecciosos, inflamatórios, genéticos,
alimentares e inalatórios, a idade, entre outros. A sua apresentação clínica é muito variada, e dependente do
órgão ou tecido que é afetado pelo linfoma. Em muitos casos o diagnóstico é rápido e assertivo, no entanto, em
alguns casos é desafiador. Da mesma forma, a resposta ao tratamento, e consequentemente o prognóstico, são
variáveis e também influenciados por diversos fatores relacionados com o tumor, o animal, o tutor e a
disponibilidade de métodos de tratamento.
A identificação de biomarcadores que possam ser úteis no diagnóstico, na monitorização da evolução da doença
e/ou da resposta ao tratamento, no prognóstico, e que possam ser potenciais alvos terapêuticos é de extrema
importância em oncologia humana e veterinária. As proteínas de fase aguda (PFA) e os parâmetros de stresse
oxidativo têm sido estudados como biomarcadores de diferentes doenças em medicina humana e veterinária,
incluindo em doenças oncológicas. No entanto, a informação científica disponível sobre a resposta inflamatória
aguda e o estado oxidativo em gatos com linfoma é escassa. Assim, o presente estudo teve como principais
objetivos avaliar a resposta das PFA e a resposta antioxidante em gatos com linfoma de alto grau.
No presente estudo foram incluídos 36 gatos, dos quais 24 gatos com linfoma de alto grau e 12 gatos clinicamente
saudáveis (grupo controlo). As PFA proteína sérica amilóide A (SAA), Haptoglobina (Hp), butirilcolinesterase
(BChE) e fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina 1 (IGF 1), e os biomarcadores de stresse oxidativo tiol sérico
total (Tiol) e capacidade antioxidante total (TAC) determinada através de três métodos diferentes (TEAC, CUPRAC
e FRAP), foram determinados em amostras de soro dos animais doentes (colhidas no momento do diagnóstico e
antes da administração de qualquer tratamento) e dos animais do grupo controlo.
No momento do diagnóstico, os animais doentes apresentaram concentrações séricas de SAA significativamente
superiores, e de IGF 1, BChE, TEAC e CUPRAC significativamente inferiores aos animais saudáveis. Para além
disso, no momento do diagnóstico, os animais doentes com efusão pleural apresentaram níveis séricos de BChE
significativamente inferiores aos dos animais sem efusão. Adicionalmente, a concentração sérica de IGF 1 foi
significativamente inferior em gatos doentes infetados por FIV e FelV do que nos animais não infetados, e em
gatos doentes não castrados do que em gatos doentes castrados.
Os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho sugerem que a SAA, BChE, IGF 1, TEAC e CUPRAC poderão ser
biomarcadores clinicamente úteis em gatos com linfoma. No entanto, estudos futuros envolvendo um maior
número de animais e com monitorização da concentração sérica destes analitos ao longo da progressão da
doença serão necessários para melhor compreender a sua aplicação na prática clínica.
Lymphoma is one of the most common tumors in cats and can develop in any tissue. The etiology is multifactorial and not yet fully understood, but different factors (isolated or in combination) have been implicated in the carcinogenesis of feline lymphoma, including viral and bacterial, inflammatory, genetic, dietary and inhalation, age, among others. The clinical presentation is varied and depends on the organ or tissue affected by the lymphoma. In many cases diagnosis is rapid and assertive, but in some cases might be challenging. Likewise, the response to treatment, and consequently the prognosis, are variable and influenced by several factors related to the tumor, the animal, the owner and the availability of treatment methods. The identification of biomarkers that might be useful in diagnosis, in monitoring the progression of the disease and/or the response to treatment, in prognosis, and that might be potential therapeutic targets is of extreme importance in human and veterinary oncology. Acute phase proteins (PFA) and oxidative stress parameters have been studied as biomarkers of different diseases in human and veterinary medicine, including oncological diseases. However, scientific information available on the acute inflammatory response and oxidative status in cats with lymphoma is scarce. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the AFP and the antioxidant responses in cats with high grade lymphoma. Thirty-six cats were included in the present study, of which 24 cats with high-grade lymphoma and 12 clinically healthy cats (control group). Acute phase proteins serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF 1), and the biomarkers of oxidative stress total serum thiols (Tiol) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) determined through three different methods (TEAC, CUPRAC and FRAP) were determined in serum samples from diseased animals (collected at the time of diagnosis and before administration of any treatment) and from animals of the control group. At diagnosis, diseased animals had significantly higher serum concentrations of SAA, and significantly lower serum concentrations of IGF 1, BChE, TEAC and CUPRAC than healthy animals. Furthermore, at diagnosis, animals with pleural effusion had serum BChE concentrations significantly lower than animals without effusion. Additionally, serum IGF 1 concentrations were significantly lower in cats with lymphoma infected with FIV and FelV than in uninfected animals, and in non-castrated diseased cats than in castrated cats. The results obtained in the present investigation suggest that SAA, BChE, IGF 1, TEAC and CUPRAC could be clinically useful biomarkers in feline lymphoma. However, future studies, involving a larger number of animals and with monitoring of the serum concentration of these analytes throughout the progression of the disease will be necessary to better understand their application in clinical practice.
Lymphoma is one of the most common tumors in cats and can develop in any tissue. The etiology is multifactorial and not yet fully understood, but different factors (isolated or in combination) have been implicated in the carcinogenesis of feline lymphoma, including viral and bacterial, inflammatory, genetic, dietary and inhalation, age, among others. The clinical presentation is varied and depends on the organ or tissue affected by the lymphoma. In many cases diagnosis is rapid and assertive, but in some cases might be challenging. Likewise, the response to treatment, and consequently the prognosis, are variable and influenced by several factors related to the tumor, the animal, the owner and the availability of treatment methods. The identification of biomarkers that might be useful in diagnosis, in monitoring the progression of the disease and/or the response to treatment, in prognosis, and that might be potential therapeutic targets is of extreme importance in human and veterinary oncology. Acute phase proteins (PFA) and oxidative stress parameters have been studied as biomarkers of different diseases in human and veterinary medicine, including oncological diseases. However, scientific information available on the acute inflammatory response and oxidative status in cats with lymphoma is scarce. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the AFP and the antioxidant responses in cats with high grade lymphoma. Thirty-six cats were included in the present study, of which 24 cats with high-grade lymphoma and 12 clinically healthy cats (control group). Acute phase proteins serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF 1), and the biomarkers of oxidative stress total serum thiols (Tiol) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) determined through three different methods (TEAC, CUPRAC and FRAP) were determined in serum samples from diseased animals (collected at the time of diagnosis and before administration of any treatment) and from animals of the control group. At diagnosis, diseased animals had significantly higher serum concentrations of SAA, and significantly lower serum concentrations of IGF 1, BChE, TEAC and CUPRAC than healthy animals. Furthermore, at diagnosis, animals with pleural effusion had serum BChE concentrations significantly lower than animals without effusion. Additionally, serum IGF 1 concentrations were significantly lower in cats with lymphoma infected with FIV and FelV than in uninfected animals, and in non-castrated diseased cats than in castrated cats. The results obtained in the present investigation suggest that SAA, BChE, IGF 1, TEAC and CUPRAC could be clinically useful biomarkers in feline lymphoma. However, future studies, involving a larger number of animals and with monitoring of the serum concentration of these analytes throughout the progression of the disease will be necessary to better understand their application in clinical practice.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Antioxidantes Felino Linfoma Oxidantes Proteínas de fase aguda Stresse oxidativo Acute phase proteins Antioxidants Feline Lymphoma Oxidants Oxidative stress