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Publication
Células estaminais do tecido adiposo: breve caracterização e a sua aplicação em dois casos clínicos
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Abstract(s)
As células estaminais do tecido adiposo (do inglês adipose stem cell (ASC)) são células multipotentes que podem ser isoladas de diferentes locais e podem-se diferenciar em várias linhagens celulares, como adipogénica, osteogénica, condrogénica, entre outras. Estas células são capazes de atingir locais lesionados e exercer um papel importante a nível da regeneração tecidular e de modular a resposta imune pela secreção de moléculas intervenientes nos diferentes mecanismos fisiológicos.
O processo de obtenção destas células passa pelo isolamento, cultura e expansão. A partir de uma amostra de gordura, podemos isolar estas células e posteriormente diferenciá-las em diferentes tipos celulares através da aplicação de protocolos de cultura in vitro. Uma vez isoladas, as ASCs podem ser utilizadas por via autóloga ou por via alogénica.
Uma boa forma de retirar o máximo partido destas células é através da possibilidade de criopreservação e armazenamento das células estaminais, atendendo a que estas mantêm todo o seu potencial regenerativo, permitindo a sua utilização mesmo após longos períodos de congelamento.
Estas células têm a capacidade de modular o sistema imunitário, no sentido de tornar o processo de inflamação mais curto e menos exacerbado, devido a todos os factores secretados pelas ASCs e ajudar a recuperação parcial ou total em determinadas doenças.
Na presente dissertação apresenta-se a caracterização dos principais conceitos, as diferentes origens das células estaminais e suas características mais importantes. Destacam-se ainda as propriedades das células estaminais derivadas do tecido adiposo em diferentes espécies. Atendendo ao potencial terapêutico das células estaminais são ainda apresentados dois casos clínicos representativos de aplicações terapêuticas de células estaminais que podem constituir-se como uma evidência terapêutica positiva da aplicação clínica das células estaminais.
The stem cells derived from the adipose tissue (from ASCs) are multipotent cells that can be isolated from different locations and can be differentiated into several cell lineages, such as adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, among others. These cells are able to reach injured areas and play an important role in the tissue regeneration and modulation of the immune response, due to the secretion of different molecules that play different roles in physiological mechanisms. The process of obtaining these cells relie on the enzymatic or mechanic digestion of the adipose tissue to isolate the ASCs and further culture and expansion in vitro. These cells will then be able to be used via autologous or allogeneic approaches. A good way to take the maximum advantage of these cells is through the possibility of cryopreservation and storage of stem cells, since they keep all their regenerative potential, allowing its use even after long periods of freezing. These cells have the ability to modulate the immune system, triggering a weak to non-existent immune response, shortening the inflammation process due to all factors that ASCs secrete and therefore helping the full or partial recovery of damages to different tissues. The present dissertation presents the characterization of key concepts, the different origins of stem cells and their most important features. It also highlights the properties of stem cells derived from adipose tissue in different species. Two clinical cases of therapeutic applications of stem cells are also presented to demonstrate their therapeutic potential. Notwithstanding the presentation of only two case studies, the obtained results testify the therapeutic potential of stem cell clinical application.
The stem cells derived from the adipose tissue (from ASCs) are multipotent cells that can be isolated from different locations and can be differentiated into several cell lineages, such as adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, among others. These cells are able to reach injured areas and play an important role in the tissue regeneration and modulation of the immune response, due to the secretion of different molecules that play different roles in physiological mechanisms. The process of obtaining these cells relie on the enzymatic or mechanic digestion of the adipose tissue to isolate the ASCs and further culture and expansion in vitro. These cells will then be able to be used via autologous or allogeneic approaches. A good way to take the maximum advantage of these cells is through the possibility of cryopreservation and storage of stem cells, since they keep all their regenerative potential, allowing its use even after long periods of freezing. These cells have the ability to modulate the immune system, triggering a weak to non-existent immune response, shortening the inflammation process due to all factors that ASCs secrete and therefore helping the full or partial recovery of damages to different tissues. The present dissertation presents the characterization of key concepts, the different origins of stem cells and their most important features. It also highlights the properties of stem cells derived from adipose tissue in different species. Two clinical cases of therapeutic applications of stem cells are also presented to demonstrate their therapeutic potential. Notwithstanding the presentation of only two case studies, the obtained results testify the therapeutic potential of stem cell clinical application.
Description
Keywords
Medicina regenerativa Terapia celular Células estaminais Tecido adiposo Células mesenquimatosas MSCs ASCs Regenerative medicine Cell therapy Stem cells Adipose tissue Mesenchymal cell